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THE 



FAMILY CYCLOPEDIA; 



OR, 



HOME COUNSELOR. 

■; _______ ■■■^:^-^. -^ 

7\ Book FOR the People. 

CONTAINING 

A MsDicAii Department or Family Physician ; A Veterinary 

D^EPARTMENT FOR THE FARMER ; A HOUSEHOLD, TOILET AND 

Cooking Department for the Housekeeper; A 
Law Department, with a Complete Guide in 
Legal Transactions, Plain and Simple 
Instructions for Drawing up 
Necessary Papers in Ac- 
cordance to Law. 

A Booh of Great Value to the Farmer, Mechanicy Business Man, 3Ianufaci 
tureTf Doctor y Lawyer, and Invaluable to Every Family, 




PUBLISHED BY \..^^ V/.: 

CINCINNATI PUBLISHING CO., 

169 Elm Street, 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year x886, by 

CINCINNATI PUBLISHING CO., 

In the Ofl5ce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D, C. 



EDITOR'S PREFACE. 



The demand for a practical work upon the subjects 
herein treated, suggested the compilation of this volume. 

In its preparation we have steadily held in view as 
objective points, utility, economy, and authenticity. 

The recipes, which number over seven hundred, 
treat every variety of subjects, and are distinguished for 
their clearness, reliability, and usefulness. 

No expense of time and money has been spared in 
their preparation. 

A large number of them were originally sold at 
exhorbitant prices, and are now offered to the public, for 
the first time, in book form, at a price which will place 
them within the r'^ch of all. 

So valuable are the most of them, that the benefits 
arising from a single recipe will very often repay many 
times the cost of the book. 

Not only are the Recipes truly meritorious, but we 
have, while considering the various Departments of the 
book, endeavored to throw out such hints and suggestions 
as cannot fail to benefit every one that will heed them. 

We call especial attention to the Legal Department. 
In this we have not aimed to present and discuss those 
principles which lie at the foundation of all commercial 



iv editor's peeface. 



law, but merely to give such maxims and forms as per- 
tain to every day business life, since we feel confident 
that a great many of the broils, controversies, and law 
suits which take place in almost every community, result 
from an ignorance of these. 

Every form in this book has been carefully prepared 
with the view of brevity, clearness, and p^^cision, and 
worded in such language that they can be easily under- 
stood and readily applied. 

The borrowing and loaning of money for interest has 
become an almost universal custom in this country. 
Hence, a book designed for a Home Counselor* should 
be supplemented by a first-class interest table. 

Accordingly, we have secured the best interest tables 
extant, by .the use of which any person that can add 
numbers can readily compute interest, whether simple 
or compound, upon any amount, for any length of time, 
at any rate per cent. 

We have called attention to only some of the features 
of this book. In a limited preface it is impossible to 
detail all its excellencies. 

Neither do we claim that we have produced a perfect 
work, but we do think that every one that will make a 
fair and candid examination of the merits of this book, 
will be ready to concede that we now ofior to the public 
a True, Economical, and Practical Home Counselor. 



' INDEX. 



A 

A good Tooth Powder 205 

Acid, Hydrofluoric 115 

Alterative and Hepatic Powders 59 

Alterative Powders 59 

Amber Pudding 254 

Amber Varnish 106 

Ambergris Perfume 213 

An excellent Cough Syrup % 28 

Analine Blue Dye 159 

Anti-Dyspetic Pills 54-56 

Anti-Billious Pills, Lee's 56 

Antidote for Poisons 76 

Appleade, Pine 193 

Apples, Siberian Crab 227 

Apples, Pickling 177 

Apples, Pine to Can 252 

Apple Jelly 258 

Apple Wine 185 

Apple Water... 278 

Apple Fried Cake 265 

Aquaria Cement 146 

Artificial Skin for Burns and Bruises, 39 

Artificial Honey 198 

Arrowroot Pudding 253 

Asthma Kemedies 47-50 

Asthma Powder 48 

Asthma Pills 50 

'Asparagus 260 

Axles, Lubricating 135 

B 

'Baking and Cooking 224 

Baked Toma^toes 270 

Balls ©f Com 196 



Balsam Salve 81 

Balm of Gilead Oil 82 

Baldness, Hair Vegetator ,.... 207 

Bank Bill Paste 149 

Barley Water 278 

Batchelor's Hair Dye 223 

Bayberry Salve ^ 86 

Beans, to Cook 246 

Beans, String 260 

Bed Bugs 132 

Bed Bug Poison 123 

Beefsteak Pie 244 

Beer, College 187 

Beer, Ginger 187 

Beer, Hop 187 

Beer, Philadelphia 188 

Beer, Boot 189 

Beer, To cure when ropy 190 

Beer, Tomato 190 

Beef. 240 

Beef Tea 280 

Beef Sausage 272 

Beets 269 

Beets, Pickled 247 

Bergamot Perfume 215 

Berries, to Can 251 

Blrious Colic 42 

Biscuit, Graham 231 

Bitters, Brandy 190 

Bitters, Stomach 191 

Bites, Snake 76 

Black Paint 152 

Black Straw Tarnish 110 

Black Cotton Dyeing 157 

Black Leather Stain 120 



VI 



INDEX 



Black Japan Varnish 107 

Black Thread, Coloring 158 

Black Ink U4 

Black Ink, Heinlls' ^ 155 

Black Ink, Japan 154 

Black Ink, cheap 165 

Blacking 136 

Blacking, Oil Paste 109-135 

Blacking, Liquid 109 

Blackberry Wine 129 

Bleeding for Colic 93 

Bleeding, Lungs 63 

Bleeding from Stomach 63 

Bloody Flux 51 

Blue Ink ..143-156 

Blue Dyeing 157 

Blue Dye, for Wool 159 

Blue Dye, Analine 159 

Blue Chrome 159 

Blue Dye, Dark 160 

Blue Dye 160 

Blue Purple, Fast Color 161 

Blue and Purple Dye 161 

Blue Varnish 120 

Blueing, Liquid 137 

Bog Spavin 98 

Boiled Cabbage 260 

Boiled Turkey 254 

Boiled Turnips 246 

Boils , 30 

Bologna Sausage 271 

Bone Spavin 95 

Boston Cake 261 

Bosoms, Enameled 137 

Bots, in Horses 96 

Bottles, to Seal Mouths of 145 

Brandreth's Pills 56 

Bread, Light 233 

Bread, Graham 232 

Bread, Yeast 201 

Bread Pudding 272 



Bread Pap 276 

Bread, Fried 231 

Breakfast Corn Cake 2:53 

Bright Blue Dyeing.** , 157 

Broadcloth, to Remove Stains from.. 164 

Broil, to 2:i7 

Broil a Fowl 239 

Bronchial Troches, Brown's 29 

Bronchitis Remedy 62 

Bronchitis 20 

Broken Chilblains 83 

Brown Dye, for Wool 162 

Brown Dye, direct 16:3 

Brown Dye, cheap 163 

Buckeye Ointment 85 

Bun Cake 250 

Bunions 38 

Bunions and Corns, Cure for 77 

Burns, Remedy for 39 

e 

Cabbage, Pickling 229 

Cabinet Maker's Varnish 107 

Cake, Jelly 249 

Cake, Sponge 248-249-250-261 

Cake, Philadelphia 235 

Cake, Seed 235 

Cake, Fruit 242-250-251 

Cake", Lemon , 235 

Cake, Fried 265 

Cake, Jell, Cream 249 

Cake, Loaf. 263 

Cake, Washington 249 

Cake, Black Fruit 267 

Cake, Silver.. 263 

Cake, Tea 243^ 

Cake, Gold 262 

Cake, Apple, Fried 265 

Cake, Plain 263 

Cake, Cocoanut..* 266 

Cake, Ginger 262 

Cake, Delicate 261 



INDEX 



Vll 



Cake, Luncheon 249 

Cake, Buns 250 

Cake, Boston Cup 261 

Cake, Corn 233 

Cake, Marble 234 

Cake, Sweet, Fried 234 

Cake, Pan 232 

Cake, Johnny 232 

Cabbage, Boiled «. 260 

Cajeput, Opodeldoc 84 

Calfsfoot Jelly 257 

California Liniment 79 

Camphor Ice 248 

Candles, Tallow » 200 

Candles, Imitation of Wax 200 

Candles, Wicka for 201 

Cancer Salve 85 

Cancer Cure 32 

Cancer Caustic... , 32 

Canning Peaches „. 179 

Canning Tomatoes 179 

Canker, to Cure 30 

Canning Vegetables '252 

Canning Pine Apples ^ 252 

Canning Fruit 251 

Capers, to Pickle..., 230 

Carbuncles 30 

Catsup, Tomatoes „.... 270 

Cafhartic Pills 57-58 

Oattle Lice, to Destroy 1.39 

Catarrh, to Cure 86 

Catarrh Snuff , 88-89 

Cauliflower 270 

Cement, Russian , 144 

Cement, Fire and Water Proof 145 

C^nent, Japanese 145 

Cement, Sealing «.. 145 

Cement, Aquaria ^.. 146 

Cement, Egg 146 

Cement, Cutler's 146 

Cement, Stick 147 



Cement, Leather.. 147 

Cement, Roof and Chimney 148 

Cement, Good 147 

Cement, remarks on „ 148 

Chapped Hands 221 

Cherries 251 

Cherries, Pickling 227 

Cherry Cordial 256 

Cherry Tarnish 119 

Chicken, to Fiy 240 

Chicken, Panada 280 

Chicken, Lice on 126 

Chicken Jelly « 279 

Chicken Pie Paste...... , 243 

Chilblains.. 68-80-83 

Cholera. 40 

Cholera Morbus 43 

Cholera Infantum 39 

Cholera Cure, Dr. Paine's 39 

Cholera, Egyptian Cure 40 

Cholera, Indian Cure 41 

Cholera Tincture. 41-42 

Chow-Chow Pickles 227 

Chronic Dyspepsia 55 

Christmas Dinner 254 

Chronic Stomach Complaint 64 

Chrome Dye 159 

Cider Vinegar 180 

Civet Perfume 214 

Cleaning Jewelry 112 

Cloth, to Raise the Nap of. 164 

Cloth, to Make Waterproof 125 

Coach Makers' Varnish 107 

Coat Collars, to Clean. 166 

Coating, Sheet Iron 109 

Cocoanut Cake.... 262 

Cold Water Vinegar ISl 

Cold Slow 260 

Colic, Bilious « 42 

Colic, Bleeding for 93 

Colic in Children 44 



Vlll 



IXDEX 



Colic in Horses..... 93 

Ck)lic, Wind 43 

Colic, to Cure 44 

Colorless Ink 144 

Coloring Thread 158 

Committing Suicide 21 

Compound Soap Liniment 84 

Condition Powders 100 

Consumption 60-63 

Cooking and Baking 224 

Cookies 264 

Cooking, Time in » 240 

Cooking Beans 246 

Coral Tooth Powders 205 

Cordial, Cherry 256 

Cordial, Diarrhea 52 

Corn, Sweet 259 

Corns and Warts 37 

Corns, Cure for 37 

Corns, to Prevent 71 

Ccans, Treatment of 70 

Corns, Liquid for 78 

Corns and Bunions 77 

Corns on Horses 97 

Corroding Pens 140 

Cough Mixtures 27-61-62-88 

Cough Syrups 27 - 28 

Cough Tincture 29 

Cough Powders for Horses 100 

Crah, Siberian, to Pickle 227 

Crab, Siberian, Jelly 259 

Cramp, in Stomach 43 

Cranberry Jelly 257 

Crimson Dye 165 

Cream Jell Cake 249 

Cream Muffins 236 

Cream, Soda 195 

Cream, Ice 195 

Cream, Ice, cheap 195 

Crullers , 266 

Crullers, rich 266 



Crullers, Plain.. 266 

Crust, Pie 243 

Cuba Honey 199 

Cucumbers, Pickled ..178-230 

Cup Cake... 261-262 

Curling Hair 211 

Currant Jelly.. , 259 

Currant Vinegar 181 

Currant Wine 182 

D 

DaDdrufif, Hair Wash 221 

Diphtheria 83 

Distemper 96 

Directions for Preserving 225 

Disentery Pills 65 

Distemper 96 

Dogs, Poodle 126 

Doughnuts 264 

Dr. Eaymond's Liniment 35 

Diarrhea Cordial 62 

Dressing for Turkey 254 

Dried Fruits, to protect from Worms 252 

Dry Yeast 234 

Drying Paint 110 

Drying Fruit 252 

Dyspepsia, anti, Pills.., 56 

Dutch Roast 239 

Dyspepsia, anti, Pills 54 

Dye, Yellow, on Wool 158 

Dye, Orange, Wool 158 

Dye, Blue, Wool 159 

Dye, Bed, Wool 169 

Dye, Bed, for Wool... 169 

Dye, Scartet, Lace 170 

Dye, Scarlet 170 

Dye, Slate 171 

Dye, Hair 211 

Dye, Wine Colored 171 

Dye, Aniline 159 

Dye, Pink 168 

Dye, Purple 169 



NDEX. 



IX 



Dye, Blue, Dark 160 

Dye, Blue and Purple 161 

Dye, Browu, for Wool 162 

Dj'e, Brown, Direct 163 

Dye, Brown, Cheap 163 

Dye, Dark Drab 165 

Dye, Crimson 165 

Dye, Yellow 171 

Dye, Red 156 

Dye, Red, Wool 156 

Dye, Black, Cotton 157 

Dye, Bright Blue 157 

Dye, Brown 157 

Dye, Drab 166 

Dje, Orange 167 

Dye, Madder Bed.„ 167 

Dye, Green, Silk 167 

Dye, Green, Woolen... 166 

Dye, Hair 222-223 

Dye, Hair, Batchelor's 223 

Dye, Hair, Warren's 223 

Dyspepsia 52-65 

Dyspepsia, Pills for 66 

Dysentery 61 

Dyspepsia, Chronic 55 

Ebony Varnish 119 

Egg Cement 146 

Eggs, Mulled 280 

Eggs, good to tell 256 

Eggs, to keep for winter 176 

Egyptian Cure for Cholera 40 

Elderberry Wine 182 

Enamel for Shirts 137 

Engraving on Gold and Silver 106 

Engraving on Steel 116 

Enlarged Tonsils 36 

Etching on Glass 115 

Eye Water 217 

Eye, Sore 217 



Eye Water Recipe 218 

Extract Grease from Cloth 164 

Extermination, Rats 127 

Extermination, Insects 128 

P 

Face Powders 210 

Felons 33 

Fever, Scarlet. 90 

Fireproof Paint 151 

Flatulency or Colic 44 

Fleas 124 

Floors, to Scour 134 

Fluid, Washing 172 

Flux and Dysentery ,. 61 

Fly Spots, to Prevent 139 

Flour Starch 136 

For the Shy Old Rat 128 

Fowl, to Boil 239 

French Rolls 231 

Freckles 203 

Freckles, to Remove 209 

French Indelible Ink 144 

French Restorative, Hair 209 

Fried Sweet Cake 234 

Fried Cakes 265 

Fried Bread 231 

Frost Bite, or Chilblains 68 

Frosting and Grinding Glass 114 

Frosting Cake.. 248 

Fruit Drying 252 

Fruit Cake 242-250-251-267 

Fruit Canning, &c 251 

Fry, Chickens 240 

Fry, Meats 238 

Fry, Oysters 179 

Furniture, Varnish 120 



Gaps in Hens 126 

I Garment, to remove Stains from 130 



INDEX 



Gargle, for the Throat..... 89 

German Vinegar... 180 

Gilead Balm Oil 82 

Ginger Cake 262 

Ginger Wine 183 

Ginger Wine 184 

Ginger Beer 187 

Ginger Pop 193 

Glass Etching , 115 

Glaze, Varnish 108 

Glanders in Horses 97 

Glass Varnish 108 

Glue, Spalding's 148 

Glue, Liquid , 140 

Glue, No. 2 149 

Glue, Starch 137 

Glycerine 139 

Glycerine 138 

Gold Cake » 262 

Gooseberry Vinegar • 181 

Grapes, to keep 253 

Graham Buscuit 231 

Graham Bread 232 

Grease, Wagon 135 

Grease Spots, to Remove 132-133 

Grape Jelly., 258 

Greens 267 

Green Peas 242-247 

Green Paint... 153 

Green Dye, for Woolen 166 

Green Dye, for Silk 167 

Green Writing Ink 142 

Gruels 276 

Gruel, Water 276 

Gruel, Rice 275 

Ground Rice, Milk 277 

Gum Liniment «.... 34 

H 

Hair Dye 211-222-223 

Hair Dye, Batchelor's 223 

Hair Dye, Warren's 223 



Hair Invigorator 222 

Hair Tonic 211 

Hair Oil 203 

Hair Oil, to Curl Hair...... 211 

Hair Restorative 220 

Hair Restorative, Wood's 220 

Hair Wash 220 

Hair Wash for Toilet 221 

Hams, to Cure 173 

Hams, Smoked, to Keep.... 173 

Hams, Mutton, to Pickle 175 

Hands, Chapped 221 

Hands, to Clean 131 

Harness Varnish 106-117 

Health, Rules for , 23 

Healing Salve 86-100 

Healing Ointment 81 

Heart Burn 72 

Hens, Gapes in 126 

-Herlen Oil 82 

Hiccough 71 

Hoarseness 27 

Honey, Artificial 198 

Honey, Premium.. 199 

Honey, Cuba 199 

Honey, Good 200 

Hop Beer 187 

Horse, Colic 93 

Horse, Worms in 94 

Horse, Bots in 96 

Horse, Corns on 97 

Horse, Glanders in .f > 97 

Horse, Warts on , 97 

Horse Powders 100 

Horse Physic 99 

Horse Cough Powders ~ 100 

Horse Healing Salve IW 

How to Write in Silver 113 

Hot Slaw.... , 261 

Hunting and Trapping 104 

Hydrofluoric Acid..... Ho 



INDEX. 



XI 



I 

Ice Cream 105 

Ice Camphor 248 

Imitation of Madeira Wine 130 

Improved Wliite Washes 121 

Inflammation of the Stomach 64 

Indelible Ink 144 

Indigestion >...«. 72 

Indian Bread 233 

India Cure for Cholera 47 

Inflammatory Qninzy 83 

Ingro\\ing Toe Nail 82 

Ink Stains, to Remove 140 

Ink, Black 154 

Ink, Black Japan 154 

Ink, Indian 141 

Ink, Red 142 

Ink, Vermillion 142 

Ink, Green ^ 142 

Ink, Yellow 143 

Ink, Invisible 144 

Ink, Colorless ., 144 

Ink, Red Ruling 156 

Ink, Paxchment.. 154 

Insects on Trees 123 

Insect Poison.. 123 

Insects, to Exterminate 128 

Iron, from Rust, to Preserve 125 

Iron, to Point no 

Iron Rust, to Remove 140 

Itch 67 

Itch Ointment 85 

Itch Remedy 67 

Itch, Lotion for » , 68 

Italian Lemonade ^ 191 

Italian ^onge Cake „„^ 250 

J" 

Japan, Black 107 

Japanese Waterproof. 145 

Japan Ink „ 154 



Jelly, Apple 253 

Jelly Cake 249 

Jelly, Cream..... 240 

Jelly, Cranberry 257 

Jelly, CiJlfsfoot 257 

Jelly, Currant 259 

Jelly, Chicken 279 

Jelly, Grape 258 

Jelly, Lemon 258 

Jelly, Sago 273 

Jelly, Siberian Crab 259 

Jelly, Tapioca 279 

Jelly; Rhubarb 258 

Jewelry, to Clean 112 

Johnny Cake 232 

Jumbles 232 

K 

Keep, Grapes 253 

Keep, Smoked Hams 174 

Krout, Sour 229 

Liimb « 241 

lijtmb Pie 244 

Label Mucilage 150 

Lamp Oil, to Purify 134 

Leather, Black, Red or Blue 120 

Leather, Waterproof. 125 

Leather Cement 147 

Lee's Anti Bilious Pills 56 

Lemonade 191 

Lemonade, Portable 192 

Lemonade, 3Iilk 192 

Lemonade, Italian 191 

Lemon Jelly 258 

Lemon Pudding 274 

Lemon Water 278 

Lemon Cake 235 

Lettuce ~ 267 

Lice Ointment 127 

Lice on Chickens ♦.« 126 



xu 



INDEX 



Lice on Cattle 1:J9 

Light Bread 233 

Liniiaent, Opodeldoc 84 

Liniment for old Sores 34 

Liniment, St. John's 35 

Liniment, Dr. Raymond's 35 

Liniment, California 79 

Liniment, Gum 34 

Liniment for Paralysis 140 

Liniment for Ehenmatism 79-d3 

Liniment for Sprains and Bruises V9 

Liniment, Compound 84 

Linseed Oil 117 

Lip Salve , 82 

Liquid for Corns, <fec 78 

Liquid Glue 148 

Liquid Blueing .., 137 

Liver Complaint c. 58 

Liver Powder 60 

Liver Pills 57 

Lotion for Itcli 68 

Longworth's Scurf Cure 45 

Lubricating Axles 135 

Luncheon Cake 249 

Lungs, Bleeding at 63 

Luster, Starch..... 138 

M 

Madeira Wine.. 130 

Madder Bed Dye 167 

Mahogany 119 

Map Varnish 118 

Marble Cake 234 

Mutton , 240 

Meats, Rules for :... 268 

Meats, Broiled 268 

Meats, Fried 238 

Meats, Roast 268 

Medicamentum Oil 85 

Milk, Millet 277 

^Ich Lemonade 192 



Milk and Lime Paint.. 153 

Millet Milk 277 

Mince Meat 237 

Mince Meat for Family 255 

Miscellaneous « 101 

Miscellaneous Toilet Receipes 203 

Moths 124 

Mucilage and Paste 149 

Mucilage, Label 150 

Muffins 236 

Mink, to Trap 104 

Muskrats, to Trap 105 

Mulled Eggs 280 

Musk, Perfume 214 

Mutton, Hams to Pickle 175 

Mushrooms, to Pickle 229 

Names on Steel Engraving 116 

Neatsfoot Oil 134 

Neuralgia and Tooth Ache 205 

O 

Oak Shade Varnish 120 

Oat Meal Pap 277 

Old Sore Salve... 85 

Oil Paste Blacking 109-132 

Oil, Lamp, to Purify 134 

Oil, to Curl Hair.. 211 

Oil, Neatsfoot... 134 

Oil, Hair 203 

Oil, Liniment 177 

Oil, Balm of Gillead 82 

Ointment, Itch, Tetter 85 

Ointment, Buckeye 85 

Ointment, Sprain 79 

Ointment, Healing 81 

Ointment, Lice 127 

Omelet...... 244-245 

Onions 270 

Opodeldoc Cajeput 84 

Orange Dye, Wool 168 



INDEX 



XHl 



Orris Perfume 214 

Oyster Soup 197 

Oyster Stew 107 

Oyster Fry 197 

Oyster Boil, or Bake 198 

P 

Paint, Milk 153 

Paint, Green 153 

Paint, Cheap 114-132-153 

Paint, Fireproof. 151 

Paint, for Iron 110 

Paint, to Eemove 131 

Paint, Perrj's Black 152 

Paint, Drying 110 

Panada Chicken 280 

Pancake 232 

Pap Bread 276 

Parsnips 2G9 

Pastiles, for Perfume 216 

Paraley's Liniment ^ 140 

Patent Yeast 226 

Paste, for Teeth 207 

Paste, Puff. 244 

Paste, for Tarts 243 

Paste, Scrap Book 150 

Paste and Mucilage 149 

Paste, for Chicken Pie 243 

Paste, for Scouring 113 

Paste, Oil Blacking 135 

Paste, Bank Bill 149 

Peas Green 242-247 

Pearl Powders 210 

Pea<;hes, Canning 179 

Peaches, Pickled 230 

Pens, to keep from Corroding 140 

Perry's Paint 152 

Perry's Green Paint..... 153 

Perfume, Ambergris 213 

Perfume, Musk 214 

Perfume, Orris 214 



Perfume, Rose 215 

Perlume, Violet 214 

Perfume, Bergamot 215 

Perfume, Cloth 216 

Perfume, Pastiles, for Sick Room 216 

Perfume, Petroleum 153 

Perfume, Hair, Phalon's 220 

Philadelphia Beer 188 

Philadelphia Cake 2.35 

Physic for Horses 99 

Physic, Pills 58 

Pickling, Cabbage 229 

Pickling, Mushrooms 229 

Pickling, Cucumbers 229 

Pickling, Capers 230 

Pickling, Siberian Crabs 227 

Pickled, Tomatoes...- 227 

Pickled, Cherries 227 

Pickled, Chow Chow 227 

Pickled, Ripe Cucumbers 228 

Pickled, Peaches 230 

Pickled, Apples 228 

Pickled, Fruits 177 

Pickled, Plumbs 177 

Pickled, Onions 178 

Pickled, Hams 175 

Pickled, Beets 247 

Pie, Beef Steak 244 

Pie, Air Castle 245 

Pie, Pork 246 

Pie, Lamb 244 

Pie, Crust 243 

Pie, Rabbit 246 

Pie, Chicken 243 

Pie, Mince 255 

Pineappleade 193 

Pineapple, to Can 252 

Pink Dye, for \Vool IGS 

Pitch and Tar, to Bemore 31 

Pills, Anti-Dyspeptic 

PiUs, Liver 53 



XIV 



IITBEX. 



Pills, Cathartic 67 

Pills, Dysentery 65 

Powder, Asthma 48-50 

Powder, Lee's 56 

Powder, Brandreth's 56 

Powder, Physic 58 

Plain Crullers 266 

Plain Cookies 263 

Plating by Heat Ill 

Plum Pudding 273 

Plum Pickles 228 

Premium Honey 199 

Preserving Eggs for Winter 176 

Preserving Dried Fruit 252 

Preserving Tomatoes 271 

Preparing Candle Wicks 201 

Poison, Bed Bug 122 

Poison, Insect 123 

Poison, Rat 128 

Poison, Antidotes.. 76 

Polish, Starch 137 

Potatoes 171 

Polishing Jewelry 112 

Pop Com Balls , 196 

Pop, Ginger 193 

Poodle Dogs 126 

Pork Sausage.^ 271 

Port Wine 185 

Portable Lemonade 192 

Pork «... 241 

Pork Pie 246 

Poultry 241 

Powder, Face 210 

Powder, Pearl 210 

Powder, Condition 100 

Powder, Tooth 206 

Powder, Coral 205 

Powder, Hepatic 59 

Powder, Liver...., 60 

Pudding, Queen 256 

*udding, Lemon 274 



Pudding, Bread ."T.. 272 

Padding, Plum 273 

Pudding, Arrowroot 253 

Pudding, Amber 254 

Puffs, Spanish 236 

Puffs, Paste 244 

Purple Ink 155 

Purple Blue 161 

Purple Dye 161 

Purple Dye, for Wool 169 

Q 

Quick Physic for Horse 99 

Queen of f uddings 256 

B 

Rabbit Pie 246 

Rabbit Stewed 280 

Raisin Vinegar 180 

, Raspberry Tarts 257 

Rat Exterminator..* 127 

Rat Poisons 128 

Raymond's Liniment 35 

Razorand Strop Paste , 211 

Red Woolen Dyeing 156 

Red Cotton Dye 109 

Red Woolen Dye 169 

Red Ink , 142 

Red Ruling Ink... 156 

Rosin 150 

Remarks on Cements 148 

Remedy for Scrofula..... 44 

Removing Stains 164 

Removing Paint 130 

Removing Stains from Silk 131 

Restorative for Hair 220 

Restorative for Wood 220 

Rheumatic Liniment 79-83 

Rhubarb Jelly 258 

Rich Mince Meat 237 

Rice Milk o 277 

Rice Gruel 276 



IXDEX. 



XV 



Rich Ckwkles 204 

Rich Crullers 2G6 

Rich Loaf Cake 263 

Ringworm Itch Ointment 85 

Roast Duck 239 

Roast Turkey 255 

Roast Oysters 198 

Roast Meat 268 

Root Beer 189 

Bolls, French 231 

Rose Wood Tarnish 119 

Ropy Beer, to Cure 190 

Rasberry Wine 186 

Rules fjr Preserving Health 23 

Russian Cement 14i 

Ruling Ink „ 156 

S 

Sago 277 

Sngo Jelly 278 

Salve, Lip 82-217 

Salve, Balsam 81 

Salve for Old Sores 85 

Siilve, Healing 86 

Salve, Scrofula 86 

Salveibr Horses 100 

Sauce, Pudding 272 

Sauce, Tomato 270 

Siiusage 271 

Sasuage, Bologna 272 

Sasuage, Beef. 272 

Scarlet, Lae Dye 170 

Slate, Dye 171 

Scarlet Fever 90 

Scalds and Bums.o 39 

Scouring 175 

Scratches 97 

Scouring Floors 133 

Scraps of Experience 275 

Scrap Book Paste 150 

Scouring Paste 1^3 



Scrofula Remedy , 44 

Scrofula Salve 86 

Sealing Wax for Bottles 145 

Seed Cake 235 

Shampoo 133 

Shampooing Shaving Soap 203 

Sheet Iron Coating ^.,. «,„ 109 

Shirt Bosom Enamel ♦, 137 

Siberian Crab Jelly ^ 259 

Siberian Crab Pickles..., 227 

Sick Room Perfume 216 

Sic*: Room Cookery 275 

Silver Plating Ill 

Silver Cake 263 

Silk, Green Dye 167 

Silk, to Remove Stains 131 

Skunks 105 

Skins for Bruises 39 

Slaw, Hot 261 

Slaw, Cold 260 

Small Pox 89-91 

Small Pox, Pitting 90 

Smoked Hams, to Keep 174 

Snake Bites 76 

Snuff, Catirrh 88 

Sojip, Shaving 203 

Soap, Liniment 84 

Soup, Oysters 197 

Soda Water 194 

Soda SjTTip 195 

Soda, Cream 195 

Soothing Syrup 28 

Sores So 

Sores, Old 34 

Sore Eyes 217 

Sore Mouth 221 

Sour Krout , ^ 229 

Sprains » 79 

Spanish Snuff. 236 

Spavin, Bog 98 

Spavin, Bone 95 



IXBEX 



Spalding's Glue 148 

Splint W-95 

Sponge Cake 248-249-250-261 

Spavin Ointment 98 

Spavin Liniment 98 

Squash 269 

Stains on Hands .-.. 131 

Stains on Silks 131 

Stains, to Remove 132 

Stiiins, from Broad Cloth 164 

Stains, Ink 140 

Starch, Flour 136 

Starch, Glue 137 

St'irch, Polish 137 

Starch, Lustre 138 

Starching 136 

Stewed Rabbits 280 

Stewed Tomatoes,.... 248 

Stewed Tomatoes 270 

Stewed Oysters 197 

Stick Cements 147 

Btucco Washes 122 

Stomach, Cramp 43 

Stomach, Bleeding 63 

Stomach, Inflammation 64 

Stomach Bitters , 191 

Stomach, a Weak 65 

String Beans 260 

Sweet Corn 259 

Sweet Pickled Peaches 230 

Sweet Fried Cakes 235 

Sweet Sauce for Puddings 272 

Sun Bums 216 

Suicide, 12 Ways to Commit 21 

Sun Stroke .'..... 92 

Sure Wart Cure 38 

Sure Com Cure 37 

Sympathetic Ink 144 

Symp for Coughs 27-28-60 

Syrup, Soda 195 



T 

Tallow Candles 200 

Tanning Process 104 

Tanning Skins 101 

Tanning Furs 101 

Tapioca Jelly 279 

Tarts, Raspberry 257 

To Cure Hams 272 

To tell good Eggs 256 

Tea, Beef. 280 

Tea Cake 243 

Time in G>oking 240 

Tincture, Cholera 41-42 

Tincture, Cough 29 

Throat Gargle 89 

Toe Kail Inverted , 82 

Tooth Powder 205-20« 

Tooth Ache 205 

Tooth Paste 207 

Tomato, Canning 179 

Tomato Catchup 270 

Tomatoes, Stewed 270 

Tomatoes 247 

Tomatoes, Baked 270 

Tomato Beer 190 

Tomato Sauce 270 

Tomato Preserves 271 

Tomato Pickles 227 

Tomatoes, Stewed 248 

Tonsils, Enlarged 86 

Tonsils, Ulcerated 89 

Tool Varnish.. 117 

Trapping, Mink 104 

Trapping, Wolf. 105 

Treatment of Corns -. 70 

Troches, Brown's 29 

Turnips 269 

Turnips, Boiled. 246 

Turkey Dressing 254 

Jurkey, Boiled 254 



INDEX 



XVU 



Turkey, Roust 255 

Twelve ways of Committing Suicide. 21 

U 

Uncle Sam White Wash 121 

Ulceration of Tonsils 89 

Unfermcnt Wine 186 

Unrivaled Pudding 273 

V 

Varnishes 116 

Varnish for Tools 117 

Tarnish for Harness 117 

Varnish, Cheap 117 

Varnish for 31aps IIS 

Varnish, Waterproof. 113 

Varnish, Mahogany 119 

Varnish, Cherry , 119 

Varnish, Yellow 119 

Varnish, Ebony 119 

Varnish, Rosewood 119 

Varnish, Blue 120 

Varnish, 0;ik Shade 120 

Varnish, Furniture 120 

Varnish, Linseed Oil 117 

V'lmish, Coach Maker's 107 

Varnish for Glass 108 

Varnish forStraw 110 

Varnish for Harness 106 

Varnish, Amber 10-3 

Varnish, Black Japan 107 

Varnish, Cabinet Maker's 107 

Varnish, Colorless 108 

Varnish, Glaze 103 

Vegetables to Can 252 

Veal 240 

Vinegar, Russian ISO 

Vinegar, German 180 

Vmegar, Cider 180 

Vinegar, Cold Water 181 

Vinegar, Gooseberry 181 

Vinegar, Currant 181 



Violet Ink 155 

Violet Perfume 214 

Vigorator, Hair 200 

Venison 241 

w 

Waffles 231 

Wagon Grease 135 , 

Warts on Horses 97/ 

Warts, Cure for 3^ 

Warts and Corns 37 

Warts, to Remove 37 

Warts 219 

Warts and Corns 73 

Warts and Corns 36 

Washing Fluid ^ 172-173 

Wash, Hair 220 

Washington Cake 249 

Water, Barley 273 

Waterproof Cement 145 

Water, Eye 217 

Water, Eye 218 

Water, Apple 273 

Water, Soda 194 

Water Gruel 276 

Waterproof Paste 135 

Waterproof Leather 125 

Waterproof Varnish 118 

Waterproof Paint 152 

Welch Mendicamentum 82 

Wen, Cure for 38 

"What I Know About" 73 

White Wash Equal to Paint 113 

White Wash, Brilliant 121 

White Beans, to Cook 246 

White Mountain Jelly Cake 249 

Whitening 152 

Wind Colic in Children 44 

Windgalls 94 

Wind Colic , 43 

Windsor Soap «.. 203 



XVlll 



INDEX. 



Windgall Ointment 98 

Wine, Elderberry 182 

Wine Color, Eye Wood 171 

Wine, Lemon 184 

Wine, Ginger 184 

Wine of Madeira 130 

Wine, Grape 183 

Wine, Unfermented 186 

Wine, Ginger 183 

Wine, Cherry 182 

Wine, Apple 185 

Wine, Port 185 

Wine, Blackberr}' 129 

Wine Cement 182 

Wine, Raspberry 186 

Wood's Hair Eestorative 220 

Wool, on Orange 158 

Woolen, Dye for i66 

Wool,rink Dye 168 

Wool, Blue Dye 159 



Wool, Red Dye 1G9 

Wool, Red Dye 107 

Wool, Purple Dye 161 

Wool, Brown Dye 162 

Wool, Scarlet, Dye 170 

Wool, Slate Dye 171 

Wool, Wine Colored Dye 171 

Wool, Scarlet Dj^e 170 

Wolf Trapping 105 

Woolen, Red Dye ,. 150 

Worms, Horse 94 

Worms, Protect Dried Fruit 252 

Y 

Yeast, Patent 226 

Yeast, Dry 234 

Yeast, for Bread 201 

Yellow Yarnish 119 

Yellow Ink 143 

Yellow Dye, for Cotton 171 

Yellow Dye, on Wool 158 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 



Affidavit 300 

Agreements 2S5 

Agreements, Mutual 285 

.Agreements, Tenants' 286 

Agreements, Landlords' 287 

Agreements, Manufacturers' 287 

Agreements, for Workmen 288 

Agreements, for Co-partnership 289 

Agreements, to Continue Partnership 811 

Agreements, for Dissolution of Part- 
nership 311 

Agreements, to Purchase Keal Estate 312 

Agreements, to Cultivate Real Estate 317 

Assignment 2c:'9 

Attorney, Power of. 295-296 

Bank Papers 300 

Bill of Exchange 318 

Bond for a Deed 301: 

Bond for Money , 303 

Builder's Contract 293 

Certificate of Marriage 218 

Check on a Bank 300 

Complaint to a Magistrate 311 

Contract for Builders 293 

Contract for Mechanics 294 

Copartnership Agreement 289 

Credit, Letter of 296 

Debts, Power to Collect 295 

Draft on a Bank 300 

Deed, Bond for a 304 

Deed, without Warranty 305 



Deed, with Warranty 30G 

Deed, Quit Claim 307 

Deed, for Married Women 310 

General Agreement 285 

General Fonn for a Will 297 

General Form of Assignment 209 

General Form of a Lease 315 

House, Agreement for Purchase of a 312 

Interest of Husband in Wife 303 

Land, to Cultivate on Shares 317 

Landlord's Agreement 287 

Landlord's Notice to Quit 316 

Lease, a Short Form for a 313 

Lease, a General Form for a 315 

Lease of Rooms 315 

Legal Maxims 213 

Letter of Credit ^ 296 

Marriage Certificate 318 

Maxims, Legal 283 

Manufacturer's Agreement 287 

Mutual Agreement 285 

Mechanic's Contract 294 

Money, a Bond for the Payment of... 303 

Mortgage, Form for a 301 

Mortgage, to Secure a Note 302 

Non-Payment of Rent 316 

Notes, Negotiable 319-320 

Notes, to Secure by Mortgage 302 

Orders for Merchandise 320 

Partnership, to Continue a 31" 



XX 



INDEX. 



Partnership, to Dissolve 311 

Personality of a Wife 308 

Power of Attorney 29.5-296 

Power of Sale 301 

Quit Claim Deed 307 

Pvcal Estate, Power to Convey 296 

Et)om», ?- Lease 315 



Tenuant's Agreement 286 

Warranty Deed 306 

Wife, Relation to Husband 308 

Wills, General Form for a 297 

Workman's Agreement 286 

Wo'nan, Deed for Her Use 310 



i'"^' 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 



Twelve Ways of Committing Suicide. 

Before entering upon the Medical Department, we 
would suggest some of the fashionable modes of modern 
suicide : 

First, — Wearing of thin shoes and cotton stockings 
on damp nights and in cool rainy weather. Wearing 
insufficient clothing, and especially upon the limbs and 
extremities. 

Second. — Leading a life of unfeeling, stupid lazi- 
nessy and keeping the mind in an unnatural state of 
excitement, by reading trashy novels. Going to the 
theatres, parties and balls, in all sorts of weather in the 
thinnest dress; dancing till in a complete perspiration, 
and then going home without sufficient over-garments 
through the cool, damp night air. 

Third, — Sleeping on feather beds in seven by nine 
bed rooms, without ventilation at the top of the win- 
dows; and especially with two or more persons in the 
same small unventilated bed room. 

Fourth. — Surfeiting on hot and very stimulating din- 
ers ; eating in a hurry, without half masticating the food, 
and eating heartily before going to bed, when the minr^ 



22 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

and body are exh^sted by the toils of the day and the 
excitement of the evening. 

Fifth. — Beginning in childhood on strong tea and 
coiTee, and going from one step to another, through chew- 
ing and smoking tobacco and drinking intoxicating 
liquors, and personal abuse, and mental and physical 
excesses of other kinds. 

Sixth.— 'Mdixvymg in haste and getting an uncongen- 
ial companion, and living the remainder of life in mental 
dissatisfaction, cultivating jealousies and domestic broils, 
and being always in a mental ferment. 

Seventh. — Keeping children quiet by giving paregoric 
and cordials, by teaching them to suck candy, and by 
supplying them with raisins, nuts and rich cakes ; when 
they are sick by giving them mercury, tartar emetic and 
arsenic, under the mistaken notion that they are medi- 
cines and not irritant poisons. 

Eighth. — Allowing the love of gain to absorb our 
minds, so as to leave no time to attend to our health ; 
following an unhealthy occupation, because money can 
be made by it. 

Xinth. — Tempting the appetite with bitters and nice- 
ties when the stomach says no, and by forcing food into 
it when nature does not demand, and even rejects it; 
gormandizing between meals. 

Tenth. — Contriving to keep a continual worry about 
something or nothing; giving way to .fits of anger. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 23 

Meventli, — Being irregular in all habits of sleeping, 
and eating too much, too many kinds of food, and that 
which is too highly seasoned. 

Twelfth. — Neglecting to take proper care of our- 
selves, and not applying early for medical advice, when 
disease first appears, but by taking celebrated quack 
medicines to a degree of making a drug shop of the 
body. 

The above causes produce more sickness, suffering 
and death, than epidemics, malaria and contagion, com- 
bined with war, pestilence and famine. Nearly all who 
have attained to old age have been remarkable for equa- 
nimity of temper, 'correct habits of diet, drink and rest — 
for temperance^ cheerfuhiess and morality/. 

All commit suicide, and cut off many years of their 
natural life, who do not observe the means of preventing 
disease and of preserving health. As physical punish- 
ment is sure to visit the transgressor of nature's law^s, I 
will add for the benefit of those who will be wise, observe 
and practice, the "immensely" valuable 

Rules for the Preservation of Health. 

Pure atmosphereic air is composed of nitrogen, 
oxygen, and a very small proportion of carbonic acid gas. 
Air once breathed has lost the chief part of its oxygen, 
and acquired a proportionate increase of carbonic acid 
gas. Therefore, health requires that we breath the same 
air once only. The solid part of our bodies is continually 



24 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

wasting, and requires to be repaired by fresh substance. 
Therefore, food, which is to repair the loss, should be 
taken with due regard to the exercise and waste of the 
body. 

The fluid part of our bodies also wastes constantly •, 
there is but one fluid in animals which is water. There- 
fore, water only is necessary, and no artifice can produce 
a better drink. 

The fluid in our bodies, is to the solid in proportion, 
as nine to one. Therefore a like proportion should pre- 
vail in the total amount of food taken. 

Light exercises an important influence upon the 
growth and vigor of animals and plants. Therefore our 
dwellings should freely admit the solar rays. 

Decomposing animal and vegetable substances, yield 
various noxious gases, which enter the lungs, and corrupt 
the blood. Therefore, all impurities should be kept away 
from our abodes, and every precaution be observed to 
secure a pure atmosphere. 

Warmth is essential to all the bodily functions. 
Therefore an equal bodily temperature should be main- 
tained, by exercise, by clothing, or by fire. 

Exercise warms, invigorates, and purifies the body ; 
clothing preserves the warmth that the body generates ; 
fire imparts warmth externally. Therefore, to obtain 
and preserve warmth, exercise and clothing are prefera- 
ble to fire. Fire consumes the oxygen of the air, and 
produces noxious gases. Consequently the air is less 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 



25 



pure in the presence of candles, gas, or coal fire than 
otherwise, and the deterioration should be repaired by 
increased ventilation. 

The skin is a highly-organised membrane, full of 
minute pores, cells, blood vessels, and nerves ; it imbibes 
moisture or throws it off, according to the state of the 
atmosphere and the temperature of the body. It also 
"breaths," as, do the lungs (though less actively). All 
the internal organs sympathize with the skin. Therefore, 
it should be repeatedly cleansed. 

Late hours, and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous 
system, and produce disease and premature death. 
Therefore, the hours of labor and study should be short. 

Mental and bodily exercise are equally essential to 
the general health and happiness. Therefore labor and 
study should succeed each other. 

Man will live most healthy upon simple solids and 
fluids, of which a sufficient but temperate quantity should 
be taken. Strong drinks, tobacco, snuff, opium, and all 
mere indulgences should be avoided. 

Sudden alterations of heat and cold are dangerous, 
especially to the young, and the aged. Therefore, 
clothing, in quantity and quality, should be adopted to 
the alterations of night and day, and of the seasons. 
And also, drinking cold water, when the body is hot, and 
hot tea and soups, when cold, are productive of many evils. 

Moderation in eating and drinking, short hours of 
labor and study, regularity^ in exercise, recreation, and 



26 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

rest, cleanliness and equanimity of temper, and equality 
of temperature, these are great essentials to that which 
surpasses all wealth, — health of mind and body. 

Bronchitis. 

This is imflammation of the lining membrane of the 
bronchial tubes, or air passages. Public speakers or 
singers are peculiarly subject to it, especially in cold 
weather or changeable climates. When it is of long 
standing it becomes chronic. It is produced in the 
same manner as inflammation of the lungs. Where there 
is a predisposition to it, very loud and continued speak- 
ing, or singing, may bring it on. 

Symptoms. — Acute bronchitis generally begins with 
a cold, slight cough, chills, oppression and tightness of 
the chest, accompanied with some fever. As the dis- 
ease progresses the symptoms increase. The breathing 
becomes so difiicult that there is a slight wheezing and 
often hoarseness. There is generally a dry cough at 
first, but soon there is a copious secretion of tough, 
white mucus thrown up, which often changes to a yellow 
or greenish color. There is often severe pains in the 
head, the tongue covered with a white, mucus coat, high 
pulse and dry skin. In extreme cases apply bitter herb 
fomentations to the breast and throat, and let the patient 
inhale the vapor into the lungs. Give as an expectorant 
and diaphoretic, a tea of pennyroyal, boneset and 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 27 



sanguinaria (blood root). Keep the bowels open with a 
mild purgative, occasionally. 

For Hoarseness. 

Take four ounces of grated, fresh, horseradish, satu- 
rate it in a pint of good vinegar over night, then add 
half a pint of honey, and bring it to a boiling point; 
then strain and squeeze out. 

Dose. — One or two teaspoonsful several times a day. 

Very good for hoarseness, loss of voice, and all ordinary 

coughs. 

Cough Mixture. 

Extract of liquorice, (pound) 1 oz. 

Nitrate of potash 2 dr. 

Muriate of Ammonia 2 " 

Dissolve in half a pint of boiling water, and when 
cool, add: 

Wine of ipecac 1 oz. 

Syrup of balsam tolu 1 " 

Essence of anise 1 " 

Dose. — From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, several 
times a day. An excellent remedy for bronchitis, colds 
and catarrhal cough. 

Cough Syrup. 

Take hoarhound herb, elecampane root, spikenard 
root, ginseng root, black cohosh and skunk cabbage roots, 
of each, say a good-sized handful, bruise, and cover with 
spirits or whisky ; let stand ten days, then put all in a 
suitable vessel, add about four quarts of water, and sim- 
mer slowly over a fire (but don't boil) for twelve hours. 



28 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 

or tillj^reduced to about three pints ; then strain and add 
one pint of strained honey, half a pint each of No. 6 
tincture lobelia, and tincture of blood root, (the vinegar, 
or acetic tincture of blood root is the best,) and four 
ounces of strong essence of anise. 

The above makes one of the best cough syrups known. 

Dose. — A tablespoonful three to six times a day^ 
according to circumstances. 

An Excellent Cough Syrup. 

Make a pint of vinegar, a tablespoonful each of honey 
and molasses, and a small handful of hoarhound leaves 
bruised, simmer over the fire fifteen or twenty minutes, 
then strain, squeeze out, and add an ounce each of wine 
of ipecac and tincture of lobelia. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful or two as often as required. 

Another. 

Take syrup of squills, syrup of balsam tolu, antimo- 
nial wine, and paregoric, each one oz. 

Dose. — A teaspoonful every hour or two while the 
cough lasts. 

Soothing Cough Mixture. 

Take mucilage of gum arable 1 oz. 

Oil of sweet almonds 1 " 

Syrup of balsam tolu r. 1 " 

Wine of ipecac 1 " 

Tincture of opium... i '' 

Laudanum J ** 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 29 

Dose. — For a grown person, one to two teaspoonfuls 
as often as required. 

Another. 

Sweet oil 1 oz. 

Acetic acid 1 " 

Honey 1 " 

Laudanum J " 

Wine of ipecac J " 

Dose. — A teaspoonful every two or three hours. 
Very good for coughs and colds. ( 

Cough Tincture. ; 

Tincture of black cohosh 1 oz. 

Tincture of lobelia 1 " 

Tincture of balsam tolu 1 " 

Acetic tincture of blood root (or vinegar) 1 " 

No. 6 I " 

Dose. — A teaspoonful three to six times a day. This 
is one of the best cough remedies in use. If desirable, 
an ounce of simple syrup may be added to the above 
quantity, or the syrup of tolu may be used instead of 
tincture. The addition of half an ounce of laudanum 
sometimes materially increases its beneficial properties. 

Brown's Bronchial Troches. 

Pulverized cubebs 2 oz. 

" extract of conium J " 

" gum arabic 2 " 

" extract of licorice J lb. 

" sugar J " 



30 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Mix well and make them of the desired shape and 
size. This is extensively used, especially by singers, to 
render the voice clear. 

Boils. 

Boils seldom need any treatment. In ordinary cases 
poultice them with linseed meal, or bread and water. Or, 
make a plaster of shoemaker's wax, or the white of an 
egg, and a little flour. 

Carbuncles. 

Make an incision the whole length of the carbuncle, 
then stuff the whole opening with cotton, saturated with 
with pure carbolic acid. Also paint the whole hardened 
surface with the acid. It will cause a slight burning 
sensation for a short time. Renew daily until a cure is 
effected. 

The following is excellent: 

Mix spirits of turpentine, J oz, with the yolk of an 
egg, pulverized camphor one teaspoonful, and sufficient 
wheat flour to make a paste. Apply as a plaster, on a 
bit of muslin or oiled silk. When the dead parts slough 
off, heal with black or healing salve. Apply a poultice 
occasionally to reduce inflammation. 

Canker. 

Powdered goldthread 1 teaspoonful 

Powdered sage .....IJ " 

Alum ......1 " 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 



SI 



Water J teaspoonf ul 

Honey .....1 

Loaf Sugar 1 

Mix and stir together ; put into a vessel and let it 
simmer moderately over a steady fire. Bottle for use. 
Take a teaspoonful occasionally during the day. 



Cancer. 

Sheep sorrel 1 oz. 

Red clover blossom 1 

Cinnamon bark J 

Red oak bark .1 

White oak bark 1 

Poke root 1 

Persimmon bark 1 

Black haw bark 1 

Blackberry root 2 

Boil these articles in two or three gallons of water 
to one half gallon. Strain and add to each quart, 1 oz. 
of borax and 1 oz. of alum. Wash the cancer with this 
three or four times a day, and make a salve of beeswax, 
mutton suet, a small lump of turpentine, and sweet gum, 
and apply to the sore. 

Another. 

Take the narrow leaved dock root, boil it in soft 
water, and wash the ulcer in the strong decoction, as 
-warm as you can bear it; pour the liquor in the cavity, 
and let it remain for several minutes ; then scrape the 



S2 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

hulk of the root, bruise it fine, put it on a gauze, and 
place it over the ulcer. Soak a linen cloth with the 
decoction, and place it over the gauze. Repeat this 
every eight hours, and let the patient take a wine glass 
of the tea made of the root, with a third of a glass of 
port wine, sweetened with honey. 

Another. 

Vinegar 1 oz. 

Honey 1 " 

Alum 1 " 

Mix with wheat flour so as to make a plaster, renew 
the application every twelve hours. 

Another. 

Take equal quantities of bread dough and old hogs 
lard, mix together, spread it on white leather, and apply 
to the sore. 

Cancer (Caustic.) 

Gold 1 oz. 

Antimony 1 " 

Chloride of Zinc 1 " 

Mix with flour and make a paste. 

Another. 

Take the root of white oak, bore out the heart, and 
burn it to get the ashes ». J oz. 

Salts of Nitre (Saltpetre) J " 



• MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 83 

Calomel J " 

Lunar Caustic J " 

The body of a thousand-legged worm, dried, pulverized ; 

make all fine, and mix with lard J lb. 

Spread upon thin, soft leather, and apply to the can- 
cer twice a day. After the cancer is killed, which will 
be in four or five days, apply a poultice of soaked figs 
until the whole tumor comes out. Then heal with a 
plaster of the following : — Boil red buchu leaves in water, 
strain and boil it thick, mix with beeswax and mutton 
tallow to form a salve of proper consistency. Also use 
something to purify the system at the same time. 

Felons. 

Soak the part aifected in strong lye, as hot as can be 
borne, for half an hour at a time, several times a day ; 
then apply a plaster of salt, soap and turpentine. If 
used in time this will scatter it. If it comes to a head, 
lance it, and poultice with lye and elm bark, and heal 
with some good salve ; or bathe the part afiected in hot 
ashes and water. 

Apply the following : — Take the yolks of two eggs, 
twenty drops of spirits of turpentine, a small quantity of 
hard soap, and two teaspoonfuls of burnt salt and the 
same of Indian meal. 

Another. 

. Stew a six-cent plug of tobacco in one pint of sweet 
oil until the tobacco is crisped ; then press it out, and 



84 MEDICAL department: 

add red lead 2 ozs., and boil until black; when it is a 
little cool, add 2 ozs. pulverized camphor-gum. 

The above has a good reputation, and is probably the 
best mode of using tobacco for the welfare of humanity. 

Another. 

Take fresh poke root {phjtolacco decamlra)^ roast in 
hot ashes until soft. This mashed and made into a poul- 
tice is an excellent application for tumors and felons and 
the like, to scatter them and prevent them from coming 
to a head, or to hasten suppuration if too late to pre- 
vent. 

Liniment for Old Sores. 

Gum myrrh 1 oz. 

Common salt 1 tablespoonful. 

Alcohol 1 pint. 

Aqua ammonia 2 oz. 

Oil of organum 1 '^ 

Camphor gum 1 ^' 

Opium 1 " 

Mix, and shake occasionally for a week. I have 
great confidence in the above. It is also very valuable 
for bruises, cuts, horseflesh, inflammatory rheumatism, &c. 

Gum Liniment. 

Alcohol 2 pints 

Cayenne pepper .^.. 1 oz. 

Gum myrrh ..*.. — • J 



1 u 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 35 



Gum camphor J " 

Gum opium J '' 

The above is ready for use in four or five days. 

Liniment, (St John's). 

Spirits of ammonia J oz. 

Gum camphor J " 

Seneca oil 7 J " 

Turpentine 7 J " 

Sweet oil 8f " 

Tincture of arnica 3| " 



a 



Oil of organum 1 J 

Hemlock IJ " 

Juniper 1^ " 

Amber IJ " 

Laudanum 1^ '' 

The above has given general satisfaction wherever 
tried. 

Dr. Raymond's Liniment. 

Camphor gum 1 oz. 

Spirits of turpentine.... 1 '^ 

Tincture of cantharides f " 

Oil of organum 1 " 

Wormwood J " 

Alcohol 1 pint 

Mix, and use as required. It is said to be one of 
the best liniments in the world. 



86 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Enlarged TonsiiSj (To Cure.) 

Molasses ..1 oz. 

Hot Water 2 " 



No. 6 i 



a 



o 



Mix. — Sip a little into the throat frequently, also 
swallow a little. When this leaves the tonsils hardened, 
as well as swollen, with tendency to inflammation of the 
larynx, or throat, and often with little ulcers. In that 
case use : 

Nitrate of Silver ....20 grains. 

Water 2 oz. 

Add six or eight drops of Creosote, and swab the 
throat vath it, and lay a flannel wet w^ith turpentine upon 
the outside. If there should be any disposition to fever, 
it is well to put the feet into hot water fifteen or twenty 
minutes, with occasionally sponging the whole surface. 

Warts and Corns. 

Take a small piece of potash, let it stand in the open 
air until it slacks, then thicken it to a paste with pul- 
verized gum arable. Cut off the dead skin of the corn, 
or seeds of the wart, apply the paste and let it remain 
on ten minutes, then wash it off and soak in sweet oil 
or sharp vinegar to neutralize the alkali. Don't squeze 
or jam them, but let them alone and nature will remove 
them. 



MEDICAL -DEPARTMENT. 37 

To Remove Warts. 

Cayenne 1 oz. 

Bloot root 1 ". 

Muriate of Ammonia 1 " 

Pulverize them finely, mix them, and form into a 
plaster by melting a little beeswax and tallow and m.ixing 
together. Bind a plaster of this on the wart, protecting 
the surrounding surface by some adhesive plaster ; apply 
once a day, for several days until the wart is killed or 
removed. Then heal with some healins; salve. 

For Warts and Corns. 

Water J pint. 

Carbonate of Soda... -| oz. 

Dissolve, and wash the warts, and surrounding sur- 
face with this solution several times a day. 

This is said to be a sure cure. 

Sure Cure for Corns. 

Brown Sugar... 2 Teaspoonfuls. 

Salt Peter 2 " : 

Tar : 2 " i 

Warm the whole mass and spread it on a piece of ' 

leather the size of the corns. In a few" days the corns 
will be drawn out. 

Another. \ 

Make a salve by boiling nightshade berries in hogs 
lard. Apply the salve to the corn once a day. 



88 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Sure Cure for Warts. 

Pass a pin through the wart about half way, hold 
the head of the pin to the lamp until the wart is fried. 
This you will know when the pain ceases. A wart thus 
treated will leave. 

Cure for a Wen. 

Make a very strong brine of Turk-Island salt, by 
dissolving as much as possible in hot water ; Double a 
piece of flannel two or three times and dip into the cold 
brine ; apply to the wen and keep it constantly moist 
night and day until it suppurates, then apply poultices or 
salves to heal it. 

Another. 

Dissolve copperas in water sufficient to make a strong 
solution ; prick or cut the wen in several places to make 
it bleed slightly, then saturate it thoroughly with the 
solution once daily. 

Bunions. 

A bunion is simply a corn on the great toe. It is 
produced by the same cause as the corn — tight boots, 
and should, consequently, be treated in a similar manner 
as a corn. 

Spermaceti (or Lard) i oz. 

Iodine 6 gr. 

Rub on two or three times a day and wear large 
boots or shoes. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 39 

Artificial Skin for Burns, Bruises, &c. 

Venice turpentine J oz. 

Gun cotton J " 

Dissolve in sulphuric ether.. 20 '' 

Dissolve the cotton first, then add the turpentine. 
Keep it corked tightly. 

^'Is excellent for cracked nipples/' chapped hands, 

surface bruises, &c. 

For Burns and Scalds. 

Dissolve white lead in flaxseed oil to the consistency 
of milk, apply over the burn or scald every five minutes. 
It may be applied with a soft feather. This is said to 
be one of the best remedies, and more permanent in its 
effects than any other application. 

Cholera, (Dr. Paine's). 

Sulphuric acid 1 drachm. 

Water 6 ounces. 

Sulphate of morphine 3 grains. 

Tincture gelseminum 10 drops. 

Take one teaspoonful every fifteen minutes. This is 

an excellent remedy, and with rest, cures nearly every 

case. 

Cholera Infantum. 

Gum arable 2 dr. 

Prepared chalk 2 " 

White sugar... 2 " 

Gum kino 1 " 



40 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Mix well and pulverize thoroughly. 
Dose. — Five to ten grains, according to age, three 
to six times a day. 

Used for cholera infantum and summer complaints. 

Cholera. 

Golden seal .1 oz. 

Bayberry 1 

Poplar bark 1 

Prickly ash berries 1 

Balmony ................................**.......•...,..*..! 

Cayenne... i......^.i..........................* .1 

Cloves. *....i *. *. *........ J 

Boil in two quarts of water. Strain, press and add 
half a pint tincture of myrrh, and then an equal meas- 
ure of the whole, of good loaf sugar. Scald, skim and 
cool ; cork up for use, and set in a cool place. 

Dose. — Tablespoonful every fifteen minutes. 

Another. 

Tincture prickly ash berries..... 4 ounces 

Gum guaiacum ........* .....4 " 

Neutralizing mixture.......*....... *...J pint 

Paregoric elixir J ounce 

Take one teaspoonful three or four times a day, as a 
preventative. 

Egyptian Cure for Cholera. 

Best Jamaica ginger root (bruised) 2 oz. 

Cayenne 4 teaspoonfuls 



MEDICAL DEPARTxMEXT. 41 

Boil in two quarts of water to one pint, and add suf- 
ficient loaf sugar to form a thick syrup. 

Take one tablespoonful every fifteen minutes until 

the patient ceases purging and vomiting ; after this give 
blackberry tea. 

India Prescription for Cholera. 

Dissolve gum camphor, J oz., in IJ oz. of alcohol. 
Second, give a teaspoonful of spirits of hartshorn in a 
wine glass of w^ater, and follow it every five minutes with 
fifteen drops of camphor, in a teaspoonful of water for 
three doses; then wait fifteen minutes and commence 
again as before, and continue the camphor for thirty min- 
utes, unless there is returning heat. Should this be the 
case, give one more dose, and the cure is effected. Let 
the patient perspire freely (which the medicine is designed 
to cause), for the life depends upon this, but add no more 
clothing. 

Cliolera Tincture, 

Cloves, pulverized J ounce 

Guaiac, " J " 

Cinnamon bark — .J " 

Best bran dy 1 pmt 

Mix and shake occasionally for a week or two. Take 
one teaspoonful to a tablespoonful at intervals of from 
one to four hours. 

■A 



42 MEDICAL DEPARTxMENT. 



Another. 

Opium I dr. 

Ao:aric..... i " 

Gum camphor | oz. 

Sulphuric ether 1 " 

Castor J " 

Gentian ^ " 

Let stand two or three days, then add one pint alco- 
hol, and let it stand fourteen days. It is then ready for 
use. 

Dose. — One teaspoonful every fifteen or twenty min- 
utes. 

Isthmus Cholera Mixture. 

Opium J oz. 

Spirits of camphor..... — J " 

Essence of peppermint J " 

Tinct. of rhubarb ' J " 

Cayenne J " 

Dose. — From five to thirty drops every five to thirty 
minutes. 

Colic Bilious. 

Cayenne 24 grains 

White sugar 2 scruples 

Pulverized camphor 8 grains 

Divide into four powders. Take one in fifteen min- 
utes and it will relieve the pain ; at the same time place 
a mustard poultice on the belly. Croton oil, one drop 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 43 

in a crumb of bread, will often purge succcessfully ; or, 
take 

Spirits of turpentine 2 oz. 

Castor oil 2 " 

Dose. — Two large spoonfuls. This may be used 
before trying the other. 

Wind Colic. 

Take a dose of salts, or sweet tincture of rhubarb. 
If there is no sickness at the stomach a little essence of 
peppermint may be sufficient. 

Cure for Cramp in Stomach. 

Take warm water, sweeten with molasses or brown 
sugar. Drink freely. This has often given relief when 
opium and other remedies have failed. 

Cholera Morbus. 

Pulverized rhubarb root 2 teaspoonfuls 

Saleratus 2 " 

Peppermint leaf .....2 " 

Put into a cup, which cover, and then pour on them 
one pint of boiling water; when nearly cold add two 
tablespoonfuls of alcohol, or twice as much brandy or 
other spirits. Take from two to three tablespoonfuls 
every twenty to thirty minutes as long as the purgations 
and vomitincr continue. 



44 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

For Colic. 

A great many people are troubled occasionally with 
colic. A strong tea made of the roots of blue vervain 
is said to be an excellent remedy. If drank daily for 
one month will doubtless effect a permanent cure. 

Flatulency, or Wind Colic in Children. 

Peppermint essence 1 dr. 

Gelseminum 1 " 

Dose. — One or two drops will generally give relief. 

Scrofula. 

Scrofula is from Scrofa^ which means a hog. because 
it has been observed in swine. It chiefly affects the 
glands, especially those of the neck, forming hard ker- 
nels under the skin, on the neck and under the jaw, 
w^here they sometimes remain for a long time, gathering 
matter until they- break and discharge matter. 

Remedy for Scrofula. 

Rectified spirits 1 oz. 

Rectified oil of amber 2 dr. 

Iodine 10 gr. 

When you add the rectified oil of amber to the iodine 
a combustion or flame takes place ; when this is finished 
the spirits should be added. 

This is a valuable outward application for dispersing 
scrofulous tumors, or swellings of the glands or joints; 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 45 

by rubbing the parts affected gently with it, or by 
applying flannel moistened with it over the part. 

Another. 

The yellow dock has become greatly celebrated as an 
alterative. It is perfectly harmless. It is considered 
one of the best remedies. 

Scrofula — Losigworth's Remedy. 

Take an ounce of '' aquafortis " and put it on a plate, 
and lay in it two copper cents, when it will effervesce 
strongly ; when it ceases, add two ounces of pure, strong 
vinegar ; or use one tablespoonful of " aquafortis " to two 
of vinegar; leave the cents in. Apply to the sores 
twice a day, with a soft brush or rag. It will occasion 
pain. If it is too severe, add a little pure rain water. 

Another. 

Hydriodate of potash 30 gr. 

Water 2 oz. 

Dissolve the hydriodate in the water. 

Dose. — A tablespoonful every morning; continue 
for several months. 

After the cure, continue giving in smaller doses, as 
an alterative, until the patient is perfectly cured. 

Another. 

Iodide of potassium 4 scruples. 

Iodine 2 " 



46 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Dissolve in fourteen tablespoonfuls of water. Take 
ten drops three times a day in a little water, gradually 
increasing the dose one or two times as much. Where 
there is much debility, the iodide of iron, in doses of 
twenty-five or thirty drops, in water, three times a day, 
should be given. 

Another. 

When the disease manifests itself in the form of 
ulcers of indolent or irritable character, the constitu- 
tional treatment should consist of the following remedies : 

Scrofularin 20 gr . 

Bitrate of Iron 2 dr. 

Chloride of sodium (common salt)., 1 " 

White sugar 3 oz. 

Mix, triturate and take one teaspoonful three times 
a day. The diet should consist of rich animal broths, 
ripe fruit, &c,, and a wine glass full of malt liquors 
should be drank with each meal. The ulcer should be 
stimulated by the occasional application of a mild solu- 
tion of sulphate of zinc or vegetable caustic. The limb 
should be bandaged with moderate tightness and the 
ulcer covered with a soft slippery elm poultice. After 
pursuing the above « treatment for about two weeks 
change it to the following : 

Syrup of apocyrum J pint. 

Compound syrup of-stillingia J " 

Syrup of iodide of potassium., 2 oz. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 47 

Mix. Dose from one teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, 
three times a day. Pursue this treatment two or three 
weeks, whe-n it should be omitted and the following 
used : 

Phosphate of lime J oz. 

Carbonate of iron 3 dr. 

Phytolaccin 15 gr. 

White sugar 1 lb. 

Mix, triturate and add one pint of water and one pint 
of best gin. 

Dose. — One tablespoonful three times a day. If 
the ulcer should still prove indolent, it may be touched 
with caustic- of potassa, followed by a poultice of slippery 
elm, moistened with tincture of arnica. If it appears in 
the form of caries or necrosis of the bone, destroy the 
dead portion with sulphate of zinc or caustic potassa. 
The sore should be stimulated as in ulcer of the soft 
parts until it becomes healthy ; after which collodion or 
a mild ointment may be applied until union takes place. 
In no case, however, in disease of the bones, should the 
ulcer be allowed to heal until the necrosed portion of 
bone has been entirely exfoliated and the ulcer healthy 
in every respect. 

Asthma. 

Syrup for asthmatic cough : 

Hoarhound (the herb) ..2 oz. 

Wild cherry tree bark 1 " 

Elecampane root 2 " 



48 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Comfrey root 2 " 

Spikenard 2 " 

Simmer in three quarts of water down to one quart ; 
strain, and add two pounds of brown sugar. Strain 
again ; then add one pint of old Jamaica rum. 

Dose — Half a wineglassful three times a day. Take 
the last on retiring to bed. 

This syrup is very valuable where there is much 
cough and difficulty of breathing. 

Powder for Asthma. 

Pulverized senna o.o J oz. 

Cream of tartar | " 

Sulphur o f " 

Anise seed (pulverized) J " 

Take a teaspoonful in one or two tablespoonfuls of 
molasses, on retiring. 

If the patient requires it, take a dose occasionally 
during the day. 

Said to be very excellent and effectual. 

Another for Asthma. 

Lobelia seed 1 oz. 

Sulphuric ether J pint 

Let it stand fourteen days before using. 

Put one ounce on^ a handkerchief, and inhale freely. 

Another. 

Skunk cabbage. 1 oz. 

Lobelia herb 6 drachms 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 42 

Lobelia seeds 2 drachms 

English valerian 2^ oz. 

Skullcap 2i " 

Make a saturated tincture. Take a teaspoonful every 
fifteen or thirty minutes until relieved. If the pulse be 
hard and firm, give veratrum viride to reduce it 

Another. 

Flax seed J oz. 

Half a stick licorice. 

Boneset J oz. 

Slippery elm.... J " 

Simmer together in one pint of water, strain care- 
fully, add one-half pint of best molasses and one-fourth 
pound of loaf sugar. Simmer them all together. After 
it has cooled, bottle it tightly. 

Another. 

Make a tea of the leaves of a common chestnut which 
have fallen in the autumn, sweeten them well, and use 
as a common drink for several months. Confine vour- 
self to a light, nutritious diet and strictly regular habits. 
This has effected a cure when all other remedies have 
failed. 

Another. 

Spikenard roots » J oz. 

Hoarhound tops J " 

Elecampane J '^ 



50 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Angelica J oz. 

Comfrey J " 

Bruise and steep in lialf a pint of honey. Take a 
tablespoonful hot every few minutes until the patient 
finds relief; after which continue to take it several times 
a day until a cure is effected. 

Another. 

One or two grains myricin, repeated every two or 
three hours. Combined with general tonics, and alter- 
nated wdth small doses of ferri chlorodium, will usually 

effect a cure. 

Another. 

Veratrum viride, one drachm; oil of tar, half a 
drachm ; syrup, one drachm ; mix. Take fifteen drops 
three or four times a day 

Pills for Asthma. 

Powdered anise seed 2 dr. 

Sulphur ....2 " 

Elecampane root (powdered) 2 " 

Licorice root 2 '^ 

Add tar sufficient to make into pills. Make the pills 
of the ordinary size. Take three or four at night on 
retiring. This is said to be an excellent remedy for 
Asthma and similar affections. 

For Asthma. 

Powdered gum ammoniac i dr. 

Asafoetida ., 



1 " 



1 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 51 

Add balsamac syrup sufficient to make twelve pills. 

Dose. — Three pills twice a day, or, smoke the dried 
leaves of the narcotic herb, stramonium. This has been 
found very efficacious in asthmatic affections. 

Dysentery. 

Vinegar 1 Tablespoonful. 

Common salt J " 

Mix it and pour upon it a gill of water. The water 
may be warm or cold, but leave it stand until it cools if 
you use warm water. Take a wineglassful every half 
hour. 

For Bloody Flux and Dysentery. 

Castor oil J Tablespoonful. 

Loaf sugar J " 

Exixir salutis 1 " 

Add boiling water 2 " 

Skim it and drink hot. This is a dose for an adult, 
for children take less according to their ages. 

Dysentery, 

Tincture of camphor J oz. 

Laudanum.. J " 

Tincture of rhubarb J '' 

Essence of ginger f " 

Tincture of capsicum J " 

Mix well and shake it. 



62 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

DosEo — From ten to twenty drops every half hour 
until it is checked. 

Diarrhea Cordial. 

Capsicum i oz. 

Peppermint leaf. 2 '' 

Pulverized ruhbarb root 2 " 

Pour on boiling water until it is covered ; steep it 

and then strain; add essence of cinnamon 1 oz. 

Bi-carbonate of potash 1 '' 

Take with brandy or good w^hiskey equal in amount 
to the whole, and of loaf sugar 8 oz. Take from one 
to two tablespoonfuls, from three to six times a day. 

Another. 

Take a peck of blackberries, mash thoroughly and 
add : 

Cloves J oz. 

Cinnamon 1 " 

Alspice 2 " 

Pulverize well, mix and boil slowly until well done, 
then strain or press the juice through a homespun or 
flannel, and add to each pint of the juice one pound of 
loaf sugar, boil again for some time, take it off, and 
while cooling add half a gallon of the cognac brandy. 

Dyspepsia. 

"Wild ginger.... ...1 oz. 

Golden Ecal...c... 1 " 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 53 

Turkey rhubarb 4 dr. 

Cayenne pepper 2 " 

Mix and put in two pints of good wine. Take one 
tablespoonful before each meal. 

Another. 

Black alder J oz. 

Wild cherry J " 

Gentian J " 

Orange peel J " 

Boiling Water J pt. 

Loaf sugar | lb. 

Strain it ; when it has cooled add sweet wine, one 
quart. Bottle tightly. Take a wine glass full three 
times a day. 

Another. 

Take five grains of hypophosphite of soda, triturated 
in three ounces of simple syrup. Makes an excellent 
remedy for chronic dyspepsia. It is also very highly 
recommended for lung affections and nervous debility. 

Dysentery. 

White sugar J lb. 

Turkey rhubarb 1 oz. 

Supercarbonate of soda 1 

Leptandrin 1 

Hot water J pt. 

Mix them well and add essence of anise J dr. 

Essence of peppermint J " 

Tincture of catechu 1 " 



ii 



a 



MEDICAL DEPARTxMENT. 



Take one teaspoonful every half hour until the dis- 
charges cease. 

Another. 

Dried peppermint plant J tablespoonful. 

Blackberry root J " 

Scorched rhubarb root J " 

Steep in water, half a pint. 

Sweeten it with loaf sugar; add prepared chalk, 

(well pulverized) J oz. 

Paregoric ^ '' 

Take a teaspoonful every three hours until evacua- 
tions are checked. 

Another. 

Take unsalted and unwashed butter just after is it 
churned, clarify it over the fire, and skim off all milky 
particles ; preserve it in brandy and sweeten with loaf 
sugar. 

Dose. — Two tablespoonfuls twice a day. 

Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. 

Castile soap 1 dr. 

Gamboge 1 

Rhubarb -. , 1 

Colocy nth 1 

Socatrine aloes 2 

Cayenne 30 

Oil cloves , 30 drops. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. » 65 

Make into one hundred and twenty pills, with 
extract of dandelion or gentian. 

For dyspepsia, inactive liver, one or two pills once 
a day ; as a cathartic, three or five pills a dose. 

This is a most excellent pill. It does its work 
effectually without causing debility. 

Another. 

Rhubarb 2 dr. 

Oxide of bismuth 4 " 

Cayenne 1 " 

Aloes • 1 " 

Ipecac... • ..........30 gr. 

Pulverize and mix thoroughly. 

Make into one hundred and twenty pills wdth mucilage 
of gum arable. Take one pill before each meal. 

Chronic Dyspepsia. 

Drink freely of cold water, with a little salt in it, 
every morning on rising. This, and the avoidance of 
strong medicines, will generally give relief. 

Another. 

Extract nux vomica ; 1 gr. 

Rhubarb 20 " 

Quevennes powdered metallic iron 40 " 

Mix well in a mortar, and make into twenty pills, 

with extract of bitter root, gentian or boneset. 
This pill we can highly recommend. 



56 . MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Dose — One pill before each meal. 

Lee's Anti-Bilious Pills. 

Jalap 60 gr. 

Gamboge 12 " 

Podophyllin 30 " 

Tartar emetic 3 " 

Take two or three pills for a dose. 

Brandreth's Celebrated Pills. 

Gamboge J oz. 

Colocynth ,.2 dr. 

Aloes 1 oz. 

Castile soap 2 dr. 

Oil peppermint ; .....1 " 

Make as many ordinary sized pills as the mass will 
allow, with mucilage of gum arable. Take three to six 
pills for a purgative. 

Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. 

Castile soap... 30 gr. 

Rhubarb 30 " 

Aloes 30 " 

Lobelia seed (pulverized) 20 " 

Cloves 20 " 

Cayenne 20 " 

Goldenseal 60 " 

Make into sixty pills with extract of gentian. Good 
for costiveness, indigestion, dyspepsia. Take one on 
going to bed, or more, as occasion may require. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 57 

Another. 

Castile soap 1 dr. 

Rhubarb 1 " 

Hydrastin 20 gr. 

Ipecac o 30 gr. 

Oil of cloves 20 drops 

Make into rfixty pills with a little extract of boneset 
or gentian. If hydrastin is not to be had, use instead a 
drachm of powdered golden seal root. Take one pill 
once or twice a day. 

Liver and Cathartic Pills. 

Sanguinarin 30 grs. 

Ipecac 30 " 

Leptandrin 30 " 

Cayenne , 30 " 

Podophyllin 60 " 

Make into sixty pills with a little soft extract of dan- 
delion or mandrake. This is one of the best pills in use 
as a liver and cathartic pill. 

Cathartic Pills. 

Leptandrin 20 grs. 

Podophyllin 20 " 

Cayenne '. 10 " 

Compound extract of colocynth 60 " 

• May add extract of dandelion or butternut. Make 
into thirty pills as a laxative and to act on the liver. 



58 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Take a pill every other day ; as a purgative, take two to 
four pills. 

Cathartic and Anti-Billious Pills, 

Aloes 30 grs. 

Leptandrin 30 

Podophyllin 30 

Cayenne 10 

Make into thirty pills with extract of dandelion. 
This is an excellent cathartic pill for ordinary purposes. 

Dose. — Two to three pills. 

Common Physic Pills. 

Rhubarb 30 grs. 

Aloes ; ..30 " 

Jalap 30 " 

Make into thirty pills, with extract of butternut or 
dandelion. Take from three to five as a purgative. 
For habitual costiveness take one every night. 

Liver Complaints. 

Take powdered jalap 20 gr. 

Extract of butternut 30 " 

Soap .......10 " 

Mix and make about fifteen pills. Three or four 
make a dose. 

Another. 

Add one grain of leptandrin to the extract of dande- 
lion ; make into pills. Take one every night. This is 
said to be an excellent remedy. 



1 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 59 

Another. 

The extract of dandelion root is excellent for liver 
complaints. The following makes an excellent liver pill : 

Take leptandrin 40 gr. 

Podophyllin 20 " 

Add sufficient of the extract of dandelion to make a 
pill mass. Make into about forty pills. For ordinary 
liver complaints or indigestion, give one pill once or 
twice a day. Sometimes the addition of ten or twenty 
grains of lobelia seed (pulverized), or sanguinarin, or 
ipecac, will improve them greatly. 

Another. 

Liverwort, {Hipatiea Triloba.) 

This is a common herb, and may be taken freely, in 
infusion. It is an excellent tonic and very good for 
affections of the liver, coughs and affections of the lungs. 
May be used in the form of an infusion or in a syrup. 

Alterative and Hepatic Powders. 

Finely powdered blue flag root 1 oz. 

" " blood root 1 " 

" " may-apple root 1 " 

" " golden-seal root 1 " 

" " bitter-root 1 " 

Mix together and pass through a fine sieve. 
Dose. — From two to five grains, two or three times 
a day 



60 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Liver Powders. 

White sugar ....40 gr. 

Leptandrin 20 " 

Podophyllin 10 " 

Sanguinarin 10 ^' 

Triturate and rub the whole together in a small 
mortar, divide into twenty powders, and take one every 
morning and evening. If necessary, take but one per 
day. This is a substitute for blue pill, and entirely 
harmless. Is very valuable in liver complaint. 

Consumption. 

Almost every one knoAvs of the dreadful ravages 
which this disease has produced, and all doubtless know 
what its symptoms are. The following receipts will be 
found among the best in use : 

Cough Syrup. 

Hoarhound 1 oz. 

Elecampane 1 

Comfrey 1 

Spikenard 1 

Wild cherry tree bark. 1 

Boil the above in one gallon soft water, down to one 
quart, so as to get the strength w ell out of them ; then 
pour it oflF and strain it, and add one pound of honey, 
so as to form a syrup, and give a tablespoonful three 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 61 

times a day, or as often as the cough may prove trouble- 
some. It has been used with great success in many 
cases, apparently incurable, and can be relied on as a 
truly reliable remedy. 

Cough Mixture, 

Spik enard 1 ounce 

Saltpetre 2 teaspoonfuls 

Best whisky 1 quart 

Mix. 

Dose. — Half a wine glassful, more or less, as neces- 
sary, three times a day. 

This has an extensive reputation, and from the suc- 
cess which attends it must possess great merit. 

The following has been used very successfully : 

Whahoo root 1 oz. 

Sarsaparilla root 1 " 

Wild cherry tree bark 1 " 

Boil each of these separately, in one gallon of soft 
water, down to one pint, so as to leave of each one pint. 
After it is strained through a coarse towel mix the three 
pints together, and add to it three pints of molasses ; 
boil to a thick syrup, and after the syrup has boiled suf- 
ficiently, add a teaspoonful of grated Indian turnip and 
a small lump of alum, about the size of a small nutmeg. 

Dose. — A tablespoonful three or four times a day, 
or when the cough is troublesome. 



62 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

' .^ <l I'M 

Another. 

Muriate of ammonia 1 dr. 

Ipecacuanali .' 10 gr. 

Extract of liquorice 3 dr. 

Dissolve these three articles in half a pint of boiling 
water. A tablespoonful may be taken three or four 
times a day. 

For Bronchitis. 

Iodide of potash 1 dr. 

Iodine .J " 

Water 1 oz. 

Gum arable 2 dr. 

White sugar 2 " 

Mix and keep in a phial with a glass stopper. This 
wash is to be applied to the back part of the throat, the 
tonsils, and root of the tongue, with a camels hair brush, 
the tongue being depressed with a spoon handle, or suita- 
ble instrument. The above has been found a very effi- 
cient remedy for Bronchitis by many public speakers. 

The following is used in the Essex and Colchester 
Hospitals in England: 

Oil of sweet almonds (new) 2 oz. 

Syrup of maiden-hair 1 " 

Marsh mallows 1 " 

SaiFron 1 " 

And so much white sugar as will make it into a good 
syrup as thick as honey. A teaspooiiful to be taken 
three or four times a day- 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 63 

Another. — Bleeding at the Lungs. 

1st. Eat freely of raw table salt. 

2d. Or, take a tablespoonful three or four times a 
day, of equal parts of powdered loaf sugar and rosin. 

8d. Or, boil an ounce of dried yellow-dock root in 
a pint of milk. Take a cupful two or three times a day. 

For Consumption. 

Take a teaspoonful of the expressed juice of hoar- 
hound, the herb, and mix it with a gill of new milk; 
drink it warm every morning. If persevered in, it will 
perform wonders. 

Another. 

The following has performed an actual cure within 
one year, where all other remedies failed, and the patient 
pronounced incurable. Live on parched corn meal and 
water. Before you give up in despair give this remedy 
a trial. 

Bleeding from the Stomach. 

This disease is known as vomiting of blood. The 
't)/ood is usually discharged by the mouth, in considerable 
quantities. 

Treatment. — If the affection is not severe, several 
doses of vinegar and common table salt may be suffi- 
cient to give relief. Alum water is sometimes effectual. 
If these fail, give a strong tea made of the leaves of 



64 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

bugle-weed or of beet root. Drink cold, as occasion 
indicates, during the day. 

Inflammation of the Stomach. 

Inflammation of the stomach is usually the result of 
some other disease, or is connected with it. 

It consequently does not often occur as a primary 
affection. It may be caused by taking irritating sub- 
stances into the stomach, or by habitually drinking 
alcoholic liquors. Sometimes by drinking large quanti- 
ties of water, or even by excess in eating. 

Treatment. — Give equal parts of sweet oil and 
castor oil, with a little magnesia, in tablespoonful doses, 
repeated hourly until they operate. 

Chronic Form. 

In the treatment of this form of the disease the best 
results are obtained by strict attention to diet. 

No irritating diet should be used. Use articles of 
food that contain much mucilage, such as arrow-root, 
sago, tapioca, elm-bark and decoctions of barley. If 
there is no fever, you may use crackers, mush and milk, 
boiled rice, gruels, &c. Avoid all stimulating and 
alcoholic drinks ; also coifee, tea, &c. If there are give 
a pill twice a day. 

Powdered sulphate of iron (copperas)... 1 gr. 

Extract of hyosciamus 3 " 

Ipecac J ^' 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 65 

Continue for two or three weeks, until relief is 
obtained. Bathe the whole body daily, rubbing with a 
coarse towel. 

For Dyspepsia and Weak Stomach. 

Take wild cherries 1 pint. 

Pure old Jamaica spirits 1 " 

Dose. — Half a wine glass full twice a day. Use no 
sugar. This mixture has accomplished wonderful cures. 
Avoid all spirits ^ after you have regained your usual 
health. 

For Weak Stomach. 

Prickly ash [Xantoxylum Fraxincum). 

Prickly ash bark (of the root,) is a splendid article 
as a tonic. Used as a tincture in w^hisky- — generally 
used along with other articles, such as poke-root and 
gum guaiac. As a stimulating bitters, and where a 
stimulating alterative is required, probably nothing better 
grows in the forest than prickly ash. The tincture of 
the berries is excellent for colic, pains in the bowels and 
Stomach. 

Dose. — Take of the powder, either of the bark or 
of the berries, ten to thirty grains, about three times a 
day, and one or two teaspoonfuls of the tincture. 

Pills for Dysentery. 

Castile soap .....30 gr. 

Rhubarb .....30 " 

Ipecac 30 '' 

Pulverized opium. 15 " 



66 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Make into thirty pills with gum arabic or some other 
suitable substance. In dysentery or diarrhea, take a 
pill every three or six hours. After you have taken 
three or four, don't take them oftener than once in six 
hours. 

Another. 

Rhubarb 20 gr. 

Leptandrin .40 " 

Morphine 4 " 

Triturate and mix well in a mortar, so as to mix 
perfectly, and make twenty pills with mucilage of gum 
arabic. 

In diarrhea and dysentery, take one pill every six to 
twelve hours. Two or three pills will generally cure all 
ordinary cases, if given in the first stages. They are 
very reliable in all cases and stages of dysentery and 
bowel diseases. Give a second pill three hours after the 
first; a third six hours after the second. After that 
give but one pill, not oftener than once in twelve hours. 

For Dyspepsia. 

Caraway seed J ounce. 

Pulverized rhubarb ^ " 

Grated orange peel J tablespoonful 

Put into a bottle-with one-third pint of best brandy. 
Keep it in a warm place, shaking well occasionally. 
Abstain from food and take a tablespoonful in the morn- 
ing and upon retiring in the evening. Shake well before 
taking. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 67 

Itch. 

Symptoms. — An eruption of small pimples between 
the fingers, on the wrists, and over the whole body, which 
form matter,[and are attended with an intolerable itching. 

Treatment. — There are several varieties of this 
troublesome complaint, as : the rank, watery, pocky 
scorbutic, &c. A very bad kind of it is contracted by 
dogs that have the mange. 

The remedy is sulphur. 

It should be used internally with cream of tarter, so 
as to purge freely and at the same time be applied 
externally, in the form of an ointment. Equal portions 
of white vitrol, flour of sulphur and laurel berries, made 
into a thin liniment with olive oil, is highly recom- 
mended as a local application. The following is said to 
be eifectual. Take of flour of sulphur two ounces, and 
mix it well with two drachms of nitre ; throw the mix- 
ture into a warming pan containing live coals, and pass 
the pan between the sheets in the usual manner. The 
patient stripped to his skin now gets into bed, (taking 
care not to let the fumes escape,) when the clothes should 
be tucked in all around him. Repeat the process ten 
or twelve times. The diet in all cases should be very 
low. Take 

Lard 2 oz. 

Sulphur 1 oz. 

Powdered sal ammoniac 1 dr. 

Oil of lemon. .e.. 10 drops. 



68 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Mix well and use once a day as an ointment, first 
washing the parts well with strong soapsuds. Or, take 

Lard 2 oz. 

Red precipitate 2 dr. 

Burgundy pitch , J oz. 

Melt the lard and pitch together, and while cooling 
stir in the precipitate and mix aycU. Apply of this in 
small quantities, once or twice a day, first cleansing well 
with soap and water. 

Another. 

Poke root {^pliytolacca decandra), commonly known 
as poke. The powdered root, mixed with a little lard, 
is a good ointment for itch, scald head and the like. 

Laurel leaves stewed in lard, make an excellent oint- 
ment for scald head and that tormenting complaint, the 
itch. 

Lotion for the Itch. 

Sulphate of potash 1 oz. 

Water .^1 pt. 

Sulphuric acid J oz. 

Mix. Bathe the parts aifected with the disease twice 
ti day with the lotion, first washing the parts well with 
soap and water. Change the clothes often, and keep 
the parts as clean as possible. Will soon cure. 

Chilblains, or Frost-bite. 

Chilblains are generally the result of slight frost- 
bite, and mostly occur on the feet and hands. They 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 69 

may be caused without even frost-bite or freezing, by 
exposing the parts affected alternately to extreme heat 
and cold. The parts affected have a purplish-red color, 
and are usually somewhat swollen, attended at times, 
especially if there is going to be a change of weather, 
or it is going to be moderate, with intolerable itching, 
and often soreness and pain. They appear usually in 
the spring and fall, or in the winter during mild, damp 
weather. 

Treatment. — In mild cases, w^ashing the parts in 
ice-cold w^ater, or with snow, Avill generally be sufficient. 
Bathing with spirits of camphor and turpentine is also 
good in slight cases. 

Another. 

The most effectual remedy I have ever "known — and 
it is generally effectual in all cases if persevered in — is 
rabbits' fat. Take the fat or tallow of a rabbit, and 
anoint the part well once or twice a day, especially on 
going to bed. Bathe it in well by holding the part to 
the fire. During the day, if the foot be the part affected, 
wear a bit of fresh rabbit's skin next the affected part, 
with the flesh side next the foot. If there is much swell- 
ing of the affected part, with soreness and inflammation, 
poultice at night with rotten apples or ginger and elm, 
or cover it with warm glue. In ordinary cases the use 
of the rabbit's fat and skin will be sufficient. Also 
bathe the parts at night in fresh, cold, spring or well 
water. 



70 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Another Method. 

Take an ounce of white copperas dissolved in a quart 
of water, and occasionally apply it to the affected parts. 
This will ultimately remove the most obstinate blains. 

N. B. This application must be used before they 
break, otherwise it will do injury. 

Another. 

The following ointment for this annoying disease has 
been attended with the most beneficial results : 

Citron ointment 1 oz. 

Oil of turpentine 2 dr. 

Olive oil 4 " 

Mix. To be well rubbed over the parts affected 
every night and morning. 

Treatment of Corns. 

When small in size, they are to be removed either by 
stimulants or escharotics, as the application of nitrate of 
silver (lunar caustic)^ merely by wetting the corn, and 
touching it with a pencil of the caustic every evening. 

Previous to this the skin may be softened by immer- 
sion of the feet in warm water. 

Another for Corns. 

Rub together in a mortar: 

Powder of savine leaves 2 oz. 

Verdigris J " 

Red precipitate } " 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 71 

Put some of this powder in a linen rag, and apply it 
to the corn at bed time. 

Another. 

Pare down the corn with a razor ; make a poultice of 
cranberries and vinegar, tie this on the corn during the 
night, or bisect a cranberry and place it on the corn. 
In the morning the corn will be so thoroughly soaked 
that you can pick it out with a pin. 

Prevention. 

Corns should be secured from pressure, by means of 
a thick adhesive plaster, in the centre of which a hole 
has been made for the reception of the projecting part. 
This, with frequent immersion in water, will cure them. 

Hiccough. 

This is a spasmodic affection of the stomach and dia- 
phragm, producing the peculiar noise which gives rise to 
the name. Some people and physicians claim that hic- 
cough is the harbinger of death, immediately after an 
apparent recovery of a severe sickness. They however, 
arise frequently from acidity in the stomach, and other 
causes. Sometimes a sudden surprise, or fright, puts an 
end to them, and sometimes is also cured by swallowing 
in succession, a number of times without breathing. 
Sometimes when all other remedies fail, the following 
has been reverted to : 

Take oil of amber in doses of five drops every ten 
minutes. 



72 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Heart Burn. 

This common and distressing affection is only a com- 
plaint of an overloaded stomach, and we should heed it, 
and not only try to alleviate the pain for the moment, 
but be judicious in all food. Eat only moderately, and 
nothing which may have a tendency to sour the stomach. 

Heart burn is generally supposed to be the first 
symptoms of dyspepsia. It should therefore be regarded 
as a welcome messenger, warning us against the dread- 
ful disease, which is feasting upon the gastric juices and 
vitalities of our stomach. While in my collegiate course, 
I, (as many others do,) looked at health as of least 
importance, and owing to my good boarding place (Levi 
Manbeck, Naperville, 111.,) and little exercise, my stom- 
ach was in great distress, and had the heart burn almost 
constantly. 

It has been with great anxiety and care that I regained 
perfect health. Perhaps the cure is owing mostly to the 
employment which I enjoyed for nearly two years after- 
ward (a book agent). To relieve the pain for the moment 
magnesia is good, or soda. Take of latter about a tea- 
spoonful, and two of the former. To cure the com- 
plaint requires the digestive powers to be strengthened 
by tonics. Perhaps Vinegar Bitters is best for that pur- 
pose. 

Indigestion. 

Indigestion is often of different effect in its first 
stages. The first symptoms are generally the following : 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 73 

Want 6f appetite, low spirits, pain and fullness in the 
stomach, belching, sour water raising in the mouth, the 
bowels are irregular and generally costive, great uneasi- 
ness after eating, troublesome dreams, &c., &c. Some 
Stomach Bitters, or medicine just for that purpose, is 
perhaps the best. I think the following is the best, 
Vinegar Bitters. 

As this is only a book of guide, it cannot enter so 
deeply in treatments of such diseases, which need the 
best medical skill. We mean only to draw the attention 
of the sufferer to the danger of neglecting such symp- 
toms, and soon fall into the incurable disease. An esti- 
mate has recently been made that there are nearly as 
many persons die with the disease of dyspepsia, as of 
any other, and it is usually the most dreadful and painful 
disease know^n. 

"What I Know About" 

Weak stomachs, treatment, &c. I can hardly pass 
over this subject without saying something more. 
The stomach receives, perhaps, more injustice than 
any other member. Many people think that man 
is created faulty in possessing such antagonistic organ- 
isms as the mouth and stomach, or in having a desire 
and relish for things that cannot be endured. But 
I think we are created all ricrht. In nothinc^ is the 
wisdom of Providence displayed more than in the struc- 
ture of the human form. This is a murmuring and 



74 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

fault-finding world. People are ever ready to attribute 
the cause of their misfortunes, not to themselves, but 
their neighbors, and even to the Deity. To illustrate: 
A mother stuffs her child with all sorts of indigestible 
trash ; the child, as a matter of course, is taken sick, and 
the doctor comes. The mother describes the difficulty, 
states that such were the state of things, and we must 
not complain, for God designed it so. In this case the 
Deity is blamed for making the child sick, where it was 
nothing but the mother's own folly and short-sightedness. 

To man was given intelligence and judgment, which 
should be the rule and guide of his conduct, both with 
himself and mankind; The brute is supposed not to 
have judgment nor intelligence, but an instinct which 
controls it under all circumstances. The regularity of 
the brute's life is due to instinct. It is ever moderate, 
temperate, and seldom becomes sick from over-eatingr 
Since man has intelligence to guide him, and no instinct, 
he becomes even lower than the brute when he sets aside 
intelligence and allows himself to be governed by a per- 
verted taste and by unbridled passions. 

People, as a general thing, eat a great deal too much 
and of too great a variety, and they seldom ever think 
of it. They do not know what a mass it makes in the 
stomach. Suppose we would mix up in a soup-dish as 
much as a person would eat. Take, for instance, a din- 
ner meal, which is supposed to be, as it very often is, 
the principal meal. First, the person will eat half a pint 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 75 

of soup. Now, put this half a pint of soup in the soup- 
dish (or any empty dish), then put in a large chunk of 
meat ; put over it two spoonfuls of dressing, then smash 
in a few slices of bread, and a few spoonfuls of potato, 
and a few spoonfuls of gravy ; then dip in a dish of green 
sauce, throw in a few spoonfuls of green peas, and, if 
you please, some lettuce, and perhaps a few green onions. 
Now^ pour over this mixture a glass of water, then put in 
a chunk of butter and a dish of preserves, mash in a 
piece of fruit-cake, sponge-cake, and a piece of pie ; pour 
over this a cup of strong tea, then throw in a dish of ice- 
cream and a glass of wine. Now, then, mix all this 
well together, stir thoroughly, and get it into a perfect 
mass, and let it remain for an hour or two. Then look 
at it, and wonder, if you can, why the stomach is so 
w^eak and so delicate. The sight of such a mass, espe- 
cially after it has fermented, would be enough to sicken 
the strongest stomach, to say nothing about eating it. 

Yet it is nothing more than what a great many 
gormandize without the least thought, and the same in 
drinking, perhaps a person will go w^ith this very mass 
into a saloon and drink ; perhaps a glass of beer will be 
the first, so you can pour this right into the soup dish 
with the rest, and soon you can put in another, and then 
a glass of whisky, and just one more glass of beer at 
present, " well I will take another and then I go.'' Put 
all these in the former mass, then stir it up well, and 
then inquire, and hunt up recipes to strengthen your 



76 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 

stomach, and if you find One, add to all the rest ; now 
this medicine, or any other Avill not be of any effect, or 
if it will be it is only for the worse. A great many 
people are using medicine for dyspepsia in just similar 
circumstances. I think almost any case of dyspepsia can 
be cured if the right course be taken. I would advise the 
patient to eat only of simple food, not much, and not 
much of a variety. Milk toast for morning is very good, 
— some sort of soup and rare beef, &c., for dinner, 
mush and milk for supper, &c. If food of this kind be 
taken, there will be a cheap, easy and ready cure. 

PoisonSj— Antidotes. 

As soon as it is known thut a poison has been swal- 
lowed, stir salt and ground mustard, a heaping teaspoon- 
ful of each, into a glass of water, and have the patient 
drink it immediately. It should cause vomiting in a 
minute. After this give at once the white of two eggs 
in a cup or two of the strongest coffee. If there is no 
coffee, take in sweet cream, and if there is no sweet 
cream, take in sweet milk, if no milk down with the egg. 

Snake Bites. 

In the first place wash off the wound. If possible 
suck out the poison forcibly with the mouth, then apply 
the following : 

Iodine 15 grains. 

Iodide of potassium ......15 " 

Water i oz. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 77 

Apply externally to the wound by saturating lint or 
batting, keep it moist with the same until a cure is 
effected, which will be in one hour and often instantly. 
Carbolic acid, mixed with water and taken internally, 
has been recommended by an Austrian physician. 

Spirits of ammonia or lunar caustic, are both highly' 
recommended, and are easily carried and applied to the 
wound : or, drink freely of the tea made of the bark of 
roots of upland ash. 

Corns. 

Take soft s5ap and thicken it with pulverized chalk 
until it is sufficiently thick to form a plaster. Apply to 
the corn for three or four times a day, and a cure wdll 
soon be effected. 

Corn Extracting and Bunions. A $25 Recipe. 

The following recipe I got from David Peters, Eaton, 
Ohio. He says it is a ^25 recipe, the best ever known. 
This mixture is sold on street corners for 50 cents per 
bottle, which will cost you only a few cents at the drug 
store. Mr. Peters says he has known persons to do well 
extracting corns by this process, and I know that Mr. 
Peters tells the truth, because he is general agent of the 
Miami Valley Fire Insurance Company. 

Alcohol J oz. 

Nitric acid ....1 dr. 

Muriatic acid .1 " 

Oil of rosemary 1 " 

Chloroform 1 '^ 



78 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Trim the corn down well, then rub on the solution 
with the cork, and continue to scrape off the corn. In 
from three to four minutes it will be removed. 

Another. 

Take a piece of linen, saturate with olive oil, apply 
to the corn night and morning, and keep it on them dur- 
ing the day. This method is slow, but it will be found 
a sure cure. 

Liquid for Curing Corns. 

• 

Pulverized blue vitriol 1 oz. 

Nitric acid 1 '' 

Muriatic acid 1 " 

Put these -together in a glass bottle. Add 

Rain water 2 oz. 

Molasses 2 " 

Pearl ash 1 '' 

Add the pearl ash last and slowly. After it is done 
foaming, cork for use. Pare off the corn to the quick, 
apply with a feather, and bind up with a small piece of 
tallowed rag. Apply once a day for several days until 
a cure is effected. Meanwhile wear loose, easy shoes. 

Another for Warts and Corns. 

Take bark of the common willow, burn to ashes, mix 
theni with strong vinegar and apply to the parts. This 
is a very effectual remedy. 



1 " 

2 

1 " 

•2 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 79 

Liniment for Rheumatism of the Joints. 

Gum camphor J oz. 

Sweet oil J " 

Oil of linseed 1 " 

Oil of cedar 1 " 

Oil of amber 1 " 

Spirits of turpentine 

Spirits of laudanum 

Stir the gum camphor and sweet oil and add a little 
alcohol, and grind well in a mortar. When the camphor 
is all dissolved, put the whole in a bottle and shake well. 
This will make the best liniment for joint and severe 
rheumatism known. It is one with which Dr. Gunn has 
had good success. 

Liniment for Sprains, Bruises, &c. 

Tincture of arnica 1 dr. 

Alcohol 3 oz. 

Mix, and shake well in the bottle. This is a very 
common and simple remedy, yet it is as useful as com- 
mon. I think it is unequaled for pains in the feet and 
limbs from walking, and for new sprains, bruises, wounds, 
&c. It is perhaps, also, the best in use. The faith I 
have in this liniment is almost sufficient to effect relief 
as soon as applied. 

California Liniment. 

Opodeldock 2 oz. 

Spirits of turpentine 2 '* 



80 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. ' 

Oil organum 2 oz. 

Gum camphor i " 

Red pepper J " 

Aqua ammonia 1 " 

Alcohol 1 qt. 

This is good for all acute pains, rheumatisms, sprains 
and swellings, either for man or beast. It is used a great 
deal for beasts. Some sell this receipt for §3, as the 
best liniment ever made. 

Chilblains. 

Published by order of the Government of Wurtem- 
burg : 

Lard , fib. 

Mutton tallow f " 

Melt in an iron vessel, and add : 

Hydrated oxide of iron 1 oz. 

Armenian bole J " 

Oil of bergamot J dr. 

Before putting in the bole, rub it up with a little 
olive oil. Apply by putting it upon lint or linen as 
often a« convenient. 

Another. 

Bathe them in warm turpentine once or twice a day, 
wearing cotton next the feet. 

Another. 

Sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) J oz. 

Rosemary water 2 gills 

Dissolve them and apply as a wash. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 81 

>^ ■ = . — - 

Healing Ointment. 

Olive oil , 5 oz. 

White wax.. 2 " 

This ointment is used to soften the skin. It has 
healing qualities when the sore is not open. Mainly 
used to cure chaps, &c. 



Balsam Salve. 

A salve so commonly known, and used, can be made 
in the following manner. Pick the buds of the poplar 
trees, just before the leaves open out in the spring, put 
them in a frying pan with beeswax and rosin, equal 
quantities of each, with a little mutton tallow, or, beef 
tallow will also do. Then fry them until the juice or 
paste is about all out of the buds. Then strain while 
warm through coarse muslin, and stir until it is so it 
does not run any more. It will then be ready for use. 

The tree from which these are picked are sometimes 
called cotton, but they are not the cotton ; at least they 
are not so good ; many use them also. The tree is some- 
times also called — balsam. This tree is very common 
in the U. S. This salve was used by my mother to tie 
up our cut fingers, our sore toes, and all sorts of flesh 
wounds. I think it is really the best for healing qualities 
that has yet been discovered. 



82 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Lip Salve. 

White wax 2J oz. 

Spermaceti ; 7 " 

Almond oil 1 dr. 

Balsam of peru IJ oz. 

This is supposed to be a good salve for lips — keeps 
them from cancer, and chapping, and heals them by a few 
applications. 

In-growing Toe Nails,— Britisli Oil. 

Oil of amber 2 oz. 

Oil of juniper 2 " 

Barbadoes tar J " 

Seneca oil ^ " 

Linseed oil » 4 " 

Turpentine 4 " 

Mix : Is recommended for swellings, cuts, bruises, 
and sores of all kinds on both man and beast. 

Balm of Gilead Oil. 

Balm of gilead buds, any quantity, place them in a 
vessel for stcAving, pour enough sweet oil on to cover 
them, stew thoroughly and press out all the oil in the 
buds, and bottle it for use. 

Harlem Oil and Welch Mendicamentum. 

Linseed oil , J lb. 

Sublimed, or flowers of sulphur 1 oz. 

or. Vinegar 1 gill. 

Sal ammoniac... « J oz. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. ' 83 

For Broken Chilblains. 

Oil of turpentine -. 2 dr. 

Bole 2 " 

Black oxide of iron 2 " 

Sweet oil.. f oz. 

Rosin I " 

Beeswax f " 

Another. 

Sweet oil ,1J oz. 

Calamine (prepared carbonate of lead) J '^ 

Rosin J " 

Beeswax f " 

Melt all but the calamine together. Stir it in grad- 
ually until it is cool. The sediment at the bottom of 
the vessel is not used. 

Rheumatic Liniment. 

Alcohol 4 oz. 

Spirits turpentine 3 dr. 

Gum camphor 4 " 

Oil cedar 3 '' 

Oil hemlock 4 " 

This receipt is eflFectual in alleviating rheumatic pain. 
Sometimes it is used for neuralgia, sprains of joints, &c. 

Liniments for Inflammatory Quinsy or Diphtheria. 

Water of ammonia } oz. 

Olive oil IJ " 



84 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Mix them well. In inflammatory quinsy a piece of 
flannel dipped in this solution and applied to the throat, 
removed every three or four hours, is one of the most 
efficacious remedies. By means of this warm, stimula- 
ting application the neck, and sometimes the whole body, 
is put in a sweat. When the skin cannot bear acrimony 
of this mixture, a larger proportion of oil may be used. 

Compound So£^ Liniment. 

Camphor 1 oz. 

Soap 3 " 

Spirits of rosemary 1 pint 

Digest the soap in the spirits of rosemary until it is 
dissolved, and add to it the camphor. This is useful to 
excite action on the surface, and is used to disperse 
scrofulous enlargements and to moisten flannel which is 
applied on the throat in case of quinsy. 

Cajeput Opodeldoc Liniment. 

This name may seem insignificant to our readers, yet 
it is of great meaning, and a liniment of excellent quali- 
ties. Cajeput is an oil, or extract from a tree of East 
India. It has great stimulating qualities. 

Almond soap ..^. 2 oz. 

Alcohol 1 pt. 

Camphor .,..• 1 oz. 

Cajeput oil 2 " 

First dissolve the soap and camphor in the alcohol, 
and when the solution is about to congeal or becomes 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 85 

nearly cold, add the oil of cajeput. Shake them well 
together and put into the bottle to congeal. 

This composition is a great improvement on the com- 
mon or general liniments in cases of rheumatism, para- 
lytic numbness, chilblains, enlargements of joints, and 
indolent tumors. Where the object is to arouse the 
action of the absorbent vessels and to stimulate the 
nerves, it is a very valuable external remedy. In many 
cases of deep-seated rheumatic pains, it has been known 
to succeed in giving immediate relief. 

Buckeye Ointment. 

Take half a dozen ripe buckeyes, remove the shells, 
bruise, and stew in a half pint of lard, slowly, for an 
hour or two. This is a splendid remedy for piles. 

Ointment for Ringworm, Tetter and Itch. 

Fresh butter 4 oz. 

Venice turpentine....... 1 " 

Red precipitate . « , 1 " 

Melt the butter and turpentine together, and while 
warm stir in the precipitate, and mix well. Rub on a 
little once or twice a day for tetter, ringworm, itch, and 
all eruptions of the skin. 

Salve for Old Sores, Ulcers, Cancers, &c. 

Rosin 1 oz. 

Beeswax.......... 1 " 

Mutton tallow or hogs lard 4 " 



86 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Melt all together, and stir in one drachm of pulver- 
ized verdigris, and mix well. 

One of the best salves known. 

Common Healing Salve. 

« 

Rosin 2 oz. 

Beeswax 2 " 

Sweet oil 8 " 

Melt together, stirring till cold. This is a good 
healing salve for ordinary sores. 

Bay berry Salve for Scrofulous Ulcers. 

Bayberry tallow 2 oz. 

White turpentine 1 " 

Sweet oil .1 " 

Melt together, stirring well. 

Catarrh. 

Catarrh, or cold in the head, is a very prevalent dis- 
ease, though not prevailing as an epidemic. It is caused 
by taking cold, which, not being promptly attended to, 
induces an inflammation of the lining membrane of the 
nostrils and windpipe, generally accompanied with a diiU 
pain in the head and often slight chills, shivering or 
fever, with frequent sneezing, cough and running at the 
nose. It may be caused by exposing the body to a cold, 
damp atmosphere, by wearing insufficient clothing, or 
anything that disturbs the equanimity of the temperature 
of the body. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 87 

This disease should be attended to at once, for if it 
is neo:lected it induces inflammation of the throat and 
lungs, and the patient finally dies of that dread disease — 
consumption. 

Treatment. — In ordinary cases but little treatment 
is necessary. It may be well to take a slight physic, 
and bathe the feet in warm water on going to bed, and 
drink freely of some warm herb tea, and sweat it out, 
taking great precaution, however, against taking addi- 
tional cold. A very good plan is to "starve it out'' by 
abstaining from food, or taking but a little for several 
days. When the disease has become chronic, stronger 
remedies and persistence in their use becomes necessary. 
When the disease has become seated in the mucous mem- 
brane of the nostrils, the remedies should be mainly 
applied to that organ. A snuff, composed of equal parts 
of pulverized bayberry, blood-root and Peruvian bark, a 
little of which should be snuffed up the nose several 
times a day, or used as constant snuff, will be found 
excellent. In addition to this, boil a handful of hops, 
catnip, hoarhound and chamomile flowers in a quantity 
of vinegar, and inhale the warm vapor arising from the 
decoction through the nose several times a day. If the 
throat and lungs are affected, inhale the same through 
the mouth. Keep the bowels loose by a mild purgative, 
or better, by dieting. Attend to the skin properly by 
daily bathing the whole body, and rub with a crash 
towel, as anything that relieves the skin also relieves the 
mucous membrane which lines the nostrils and throat. 



88 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Cough Mixture. 

Paregoric J oz. 

Syrup of squills.... 1 '^ 

Antimonial wine 2 dr. 

Water 6 oz . 

Dose. — Two teaspoonfuls every ten minutes till the 
cough abates. 

To those who are subject to catarrh, I recommend 
the following : When you rise in the morning and wash 
yourself, use cold water ; immerse your face in the water, 
holding your breath so as to prevent strangling. Retain 
the position so long as you can easily hold your breath. 
This will cause the water to pass up into the nostrils, 
and loosen the incrustations which may have formed 
there during the night. These may then be easily 
removed by slightly blowing the nose and washing it 
with water. Never blow hard. Also bathe the face 
and neck freely with cold water and rub with a coarse 
towel. This will toughen them and render them less 
impressible to changes of temperature in the atmosphere. 

Catarrh Snuff. 

Take chloride of lime, dried and pulverized, three 
rounding teaspoonfuls, add three ounces of Scotch snuif ; 
mix well and put in a bottle ; cork tightly. Use several 
times a day. 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 89 

Snuff. 

Lavender flowers 2 oz. 

Dried asarbacca leaves 6 " 

Majorum .2 " 

Rub so as to make a fine powder. 

For Catarrh. 

White sugar — ..1 oz. 

Saltpetre J " 

Pulverize the sugar to the fineness of flour ; pulverize 
the saltpetre also ; mix, and use as a snuff' from four to 
six times a day. 

Ulceration of the Tonsils. 

Chlorate of potash.. 4 dr. 

Pulverized sulphate of zinc 4 " 

Strong sage tea 1 pint 

Gargle the throat frequently. This makes an excel- 
lent wash for the throat. 

Gargle for Sore Throat. 

Vinegar ....,..,.. .,1 oz. 

Water.......... ..8 '^ 

Tinct. of myrrh .....4 dr. 

Mix well, and gargle the throat several times a day. 

Small Pox. 

Sulphate of zinc.....,..;.......,.,,,....,.... , 1 gr. 

Powdered foxglove {digitalis) 1 " 

Water 5 drops 



90 MEDICAL department; 

Rub together well in a mortar; then add four or five 
ounces of water, and sweeten with loaf sugar. 

Dose. — For an adult, one tablespoonful, and one or 
two teaspoonfuls for a child. To be taken every two or 
three hours, until symptoms of the disease disappear. 

Small Pox, (to Prevent Pitting). 

The following method is practiced in China: Just 
at the time when the preceding fever is at its highest, 
and just before the eruptions appear, the chest is rubbed 
with croton oil and tartar emetic ointment. This will 
cause the whole of the eruption to appear on that part 
of the body to the relief of the rest. This secures a 
complete eruption, and thus^ prevents any attack of the 
disease on the internal organs. 

Small Pox, (to Prevent Pitting). 

Bisulphate of soda 2 dr. 

Fresh glycerine 1 oz. 

Carbolic acid 1 scruple. 

Puncture each visicle as soon as formed with a finely 
pointed hard wood skewer, and introduce some of the 
above solution. Also anoint the face freely with the 
same, and rub the chest with croton oil. 

Sear let Fever. 

Sweetened water ..3 tablespoonfuls 

Good brewers' yeast 1 " 

Give three times a day. If the throat is much 
swollen, apply to the throat with a poultice, mixed with 



MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 91 

Indian meal and gargle with the yeast. Drink freely 
of catnip tea for several days, to keep the eruptions out. 

Small Pox. 

The above is very highly recommended for small pox. 
Use the above doses of yeast three times a day, with a 
milk diet. It seldom leaves a pock mark. 

Dr. WILLIAM FIELDS. 

Small Pox. 

First give the patient an active cathartic of podo- 
phyllin and anti-bilious physic. Then give a thorough 
spirit sweat, after which bathe the body thoroughly in 
hot lye water, and place the patient in bed in a well ven- 
tilated bed room, and give the following: 

Bayberry bark (pulverized) J oz. 

Ginger (pulverized) 1 " 

Macrotis (pulverized) 2 " 

Capsicum 1 dr. 

Mix, put in one quart of water, steep for fifteen or 
tNventy minutes, strain, sweeten, and give two or three 
tablespoonfuls every hour during the development of the 
disease. If there is fever, give aconite to control it, and 
small doses of diaphoretic powder to procure rest at night 
if necessary. 

Sun Stroke. 

In every instance where you find a person fainting 
on the street on a hot day, remove the person to as cool 



92 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 



and shady a place as you can find, and if possible in a 
draught of cool air. Keep away bystanders and idlers. 
If the pulse is feeble and the skin cool and moist, there 
is only a loss of nervous power, and relief is promptly 
afforded by removing the patient to a cool shady place, 
and applying cold water or ice to his head, and admin- 
istering iced brandy and water, iced wine and water, or 
other stimulants. But if the skin is hot and dry, the 
case more fatal, and if proper treatment be not promptly 
resorted to, death will soon take place. His clothes 
should be stripped off, and his whole body rubbed with 
ice from head to foot, and pieces of ice should be kept 
under his armpits. This should be continued until a 
physician arrives. 

Sun Stroke. 

Take horseradish, bruise it, and apply to the stom- 
ach, and give him gin to drink. This is said to be a 
specific. 

The best preventatives are temperance, regular hours, 
and cleanliness by frequent bathing. Wear a broad- 
rimmed hat if you work in the sun, and see that your 
head is well aired. 



YETERINARY MEDICINES 



Colic,— Horse. 

For spasmodic colic, (gripes or frets), give once in 
ten minutes a pint of ^varm water, with one ounce of 
sulphuric ether, and one ounce of laudanum. If no 
improvement after a few doses double them. If the case 
is very severe an injection may be given, of one pint 
linseed oil, and two drachms of tincture of aloes in a 
quart of warm water. If these measures fail there is 
still another remedy supposed to be very good. 

Another. 

Mix some strong liquor wtih six times its quantity in 
warm water ; wet a cloth with it and hold it by means of 
a horse-blanket or something of that kind, up against the 
abdomen. A blister will come in from ten to fifteen 
minutes. This should, therefore not be held there too 
long, as it will remove the hide. This is often the best 
thing that can be done. When all these methods fail the 
horse has something more than colic. 

Bleeding for Colic. 

Some people bleed a horse in the mouth, and it is 
pretended that it is quite reliable. I think in some cases 
something more is necessary. 



94 VETERINARY MEDICINES. 

Splint. 

The pain may be mitigated by a poultice of one 
drachm of opium, and one drachm of camphor. If a 
tendon be interfered, the skin should be opened, and the 
splint removed. Perhaps a veterinary surgeon should 
perform this operation, chloride of zinc one grain, to one 
ounce of water is a very good wash after the operation. 

To check the growth of a splint, rub it often and 
thoroughly with simple ointment, mix one ounce of iodine 
of lead with eight ounces of ointment. 

Windgalls. 

When the horse is not iu service, keep the galls in 
bandage as follows ; fold rags, wet them, put on a drachm 
of opium and a drachm of camphor, lay them upon the 
windgalls, lay over them pieces of cork, large enough to 
cover the windgalls, and lace on over all a bandage of 
vulcanized India rubber. This will sometimes give relief. 

Worms, — Horses. 

Teamia or tapeworm : Take a pound of quania chips, 
and pour on three quarts of boiling water. Take spirits 
of turpentine as follows : for a foal 2 drachms, for a colt 
three months old one-half ounce, six months one ounce, 
one year one and a half ounces, three years three ounces, 
four years or more four ounces. Make the turpentine 
mix with a proper quantity of the infusion, by means of 
the yolk of egg, and one scruple of powdered camphor, 



VETERINARY MEDICINES. 95 

and give early in the morning. Good food should be 
supplied. 

Another for Splints. 

Tincture of iodine 2 oz. 

Aqua ammonia » 2 " 

Powdered canthardies J " 

Oil of spike 1 " 

Oil of hemlock 1 " 

Mix this well and rub in well every other day until 
a cure is effected. Shake the bottle well before usincr it. 



o 



Bone Spavin. 

The following recipe is highly recommended for bone 
spavin. It is used with a great deal of effect generally : 

Take gum euphorbium 1 oz. 

Powdered cantharides 1 " 

Aqua ammonia 2 " 

Spirits of turpentine 2 " 

Tincture of iodine 1 " 

Corrosive sublimate 3 dr. 

Fresh lard IJ lbs. 

Rub on this ointment well, and let remain for a few 
days, then grease the parts well with lard every day for 
four days, then wash off with soap-suds, and apply the 
ointment as before, and continue the same treatment 
until a cure is effected. This liniment is also used some 
for splints, but for that purpose the above is still better. 



96 VETERINARY MEDICINES. 

Bots in Horses. 

Perhaps there is no disease that the horse has which 
is so little understood as bots ; yet, owing to the great 
agony and distressing pain that the horse is in, the 
sympathetic farrier must do something. The most plaus- 
ible theory that I have found yet is this : They are the 
grub of a fly which lays eggs on the hair of the horse's 
knees or sides exactly where the animal will lick them 
off. They pass into the stomach from the tongue, and 
hatch there, then hook on the inside and remain a year ; 
at the end of that time they pass off. It is supposed 
that only in rare cases they are hurtful, then it is mostly 
serious. No medicine can be given to kill bots that will 
not seriously injure the horse. Perhaps the best remedy 
is to bleed the horse in the mouth, and after he has 
swallowed some blood the bots will leave the gnawing 
and eat the blood ; then feed bran to stop the bleeding. 

Distemper. 

This is a contagious catarrh, and the horse having it 
should be kept as far from all the rest as possible, even 
if the rest may all get it. It is generally worse where 
horses are close together. The horse should be kept 
warm. Give him a thorough purge ; feed on light food, 
such as clean hay, oat and wheat bran, &c. This is all 
that is necessary. The horse, if not subject to colds, 
will soon and easily recover. 



VETERINARY MEDICINES. 97 

Corns on Horses. 

If the corn suppurates open the abscess, then poultice 
the foot. When the horny portion of the foot is softened 
about the corn by the poultice, cut away whatever of the 
sole is filled by the pus from the secreting surface, then 
tack on an old shoe and keep the foot with a solution of 
chloride of zinc, one grain to the ounce. 

Glanders in Horses. 

Glanders is what may be called the consumption of 
the horse. It has thus far been found incurable. It is 
extremely contagious, and even men have caught it and 
died of it. All that I mean in this recipe is to say: 
the horse that has the glanders should be killed at once, 
as it is only a danger to keep him. It seems inhuman 
to do so, but better relieve him from suffering and save 
your other horses while you can. 

Scratches. 

Put a teaspoonful of flour of sulphur, twice a week 
for two weeks, in chopped potatoes. Wash the parts 
clean with castile soap and water, and then rub in an 
ointment of sulphur and lard. 

Warts on Horses. 

There are three kinds. The first are enclosed in a 
cartilagious sack or bag. Slit this, and squeeze them 
out. The second are cartilagious and vasculas in their 



98 VETERIN-ARY MEDICINES. 

substance. These may be cut off, and with a red hot 
iron stopped bleeding. The third consists of a soft 
granular substance in a soft skinny case. These had 
better be let alone. 

Bog, Spavin and Windgall Ointment. 

Take pulverized cantharides 1 oz., mecurial ointment 
2 oz., tincture of iodine If oz., spirits of turpentine 2 
oz., corrosive sublimate IJ dr., lard 1 lb. This is also 
supposed to be of some effect on ring-bones and bone 
spavin. The hair is first to be removed, then the lini- 
ment is applied. It should be washed off at least twice 
per week and newly applied^ and this continued until a 
cure is effected. 

Sprain Liniment. 

Oil of spike, origanum, cedar, British and spirits of 
turpentine, of each 1 oz ; Spanish flies, pulverized, J oz. 
This is rather strong, and should not be used oftener than 
one application in six to nine days. 

Another. 

Alcohol and spirits of turpentine, of each half a pint, 
gum camphor, laudanum, oil of cedar, each 1 oz., oil of 
hemlock and rhodium, and balsam of fir, each half an 
ounce, iodine 1 drachm. Mix. 

Apply night and morning, first washing clean and 
rubbing dry with a sponge, tlien rub the liniment into 



YETERIXARY MEDICINES. 99 

the sprain with the hand. It may cause a gummy sub- 
stance to ooze out, but without injury to the hair. This 
has cured the ring-bone, also removed the lumps in recent 
cases. It cured the lameness in a case of three years* 
standing. Mr. Robinson, a great farrier, says ring-bone 
cannot be cured. That I think is a mistake. I remem- 
ber well my father had a lame horse, caused by the ring- 
bone, and he was cured in a few months so that he would 
run and stand any work, and look as well as though he 
never had any blemish whatever. If the disease is of 
old standing, it is not so easily cured, but when it is 
coming on, and immediate attention is paid to it, it is 
easily removed. 

Physic for Horses. 

Barbadoes aloes, pounded 1 oz. 

Ginger ^ " 

Warm water 1 pt . 

Mix and give as a drink. 

Quick Physic for Horse. 

Croton oil 20 drops. 

Crude mercury 5 grains. 

To be mixed in a pint of gruel or rolled in a ball of 
wheat dough, and forced far back in the mouth. 

* This croton oil ought to be used in extreme cases 
only. 



100 yETERINARY MEDICINES. 

Healing Salve for Horses. 

Rosin 2 oz 

Beeswax 2 

Tallow 2 

Spirits of turpentine 1 

Oil of spike 1 

Gum camphor J 



Melt all this together over a slow fire, and stir until 
quite cold. You will find it best of anything ever out. 

Cough Powder for Horses. 

Tartar emetic 1 oz 

Pulverized rosin 2 " 

Salt of tartar 2 " 

Pulverized blood root 1 " 

Ginger 2 " 

Mix these well together, and give a heaped teaspoon- 
ful twice per day. Mix it well in the feed. 

Condition Powder for Horses. 

Gringer 4 oz. 

Black antimony 2 " 

Sulphur 2 " 

Saltpetre 2 " 

Rosin 2 " 

This is a ^' tip top " recipe. It is (I was told) worth 
more alone than the price of the book. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



Tanning Skins Soft. 

The following is a good recipe. To tan and keep 
tlie skins soft and nice : 

First stretch the skin over some smooth surface, and 
scrape it down. Then warm two quarts of milk, and 
mix in a teaspoonful of salt and one ounce of oil of vit- 
riol. In this mixture soak the skin and keep it warm 
about forty minutes, then take out and stretch, and rub 
with a smooth board until dry. These ways are all 
excellent for tanning with fur on. The Indians tan all 
their deer-skins by first dressing or removing all flesh, 
&c., then soak it in the brain of the animal, and I think 
the brain is a better thing than drugs that can be put on. 
They generally dry the skin in smoke. It will not get 
so hard, and helps to tan it and keep moth out. 

Tanning Furs. 

This recipe has been sold again and again. Some 
have sold it for as much as fifty dollars. The furs should 
first be stretched on a table, door or board, or anything 
on which it can be stretched out on and nailed down ; 
then scrape off all the adhering meat, &c., then soak it 
well in milk- water. It ought to be in at least one hour. 



102 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Then take saltpetre, common salt and borax, of equal 
parts, and pulverize them very finely, and mix with 
water to the consistency of cream, and smear the fleshy 
side of the hide well ; roll up and lay away, and let it 
remain for three days ; then take and wash it clean, and 
put on the following mixture : Borax, 2 oz. ; sal soda, 4 
oz., and 6 oz. of good clean soap. Smear it on the flesh 
side, and double the skin, the flesh sides together, and 
let it lay in a dry, warm place for two days ; then wash 
the skin again, and have saleratus 2 oz., dissolve in hot 
rain-water, and soak the skin well in that. Then take 
alum one part, and salt 2 parts, and dissolve it in hot 
rain-water, and when it is so cool that you can bear your 
hands in it, put in the skin for twelve hours ; then take 
it out and hang up to dry for twelve hours , then put it 
into the solution again for twelve hours, and hang it out 
again, and before it is quite dry rub it with your hands 
and work it hard, and you will have the finest tanning 
that can be done. This system not only tans the leather, 
but it takes out all the properties which will cause the 
hide to become hard and stifi* when wet. Sheep-fleece 
may be tanned in this way and the wool washed out 
clean and white, and after the tanning process the wool 
may be combed out and the hide trimmed to the size 
desired. This makes one of the finest mats after it is 
completed. If you wish, you can make a solution of 
purple dye (see purple dye for wool), and dip the ends of 
the fur or hair in and hang it up, the fur on the lower 



MISCELLANEOUS. 103 



side, so the dye will not drip off and run into the fur. 
This will dye the ends of the hair a beautiful purple, and 
the roots or half inner length will be white. Such a mat 
costs from ^3 to $5, and is very handy about the house 
as door mats and in buggies, &c. 

Any fur may be used at home, and is worth a great 
deal more at home than what can be had for it. For 
instance, a sheep-skin, after tanned, is worth nearly as 
many dollars as it is shillings to the farmer. The fol- 
lowing mixture is very good for softening any fur or 
skin: Oil of vitriol, 1 ounce; salt, 1 pint; milk, 3 
quarts. Mix them well and soak the skin thoroughly, 
and it will soften it very nicely. 

Sheep-skin with fleece on. Take equal parts of alum 
and salt, pulverize finely, then rub it thoroughly on the 
flesh side of the skin, as soon as it is taken off and 
scraped a little, or, if it should be dry, moisten and soak 
it well. Then fold it up carefully and keep in a damp 
place, three or four days ; then open it and lay it on a 
table and scrape it with a blunt knife to get all the adher- 
ing flesh off, then rub it with a blunt wooden instrument 
until it is quite dry and soft, then give it a thorough 
washing in soap-suds and hot water, in order to remove 
all grease from the hair and hide, then let it dry moder- 
ately, and just before it is dry, rub it with your hands 
well, and after rubbing it it will be as soft and pliable as 
a kid glove, and remain so. 



104 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Another Tanning Process. 

Nail the skin on some table or door, the fleshy side 
out, then take a broad bladed knife and scrape off all 
that will come without hurting the skin. Then rub in 
as much chalk as possible and continue until the chalk 
rubs off. Then take it off and fill it with finely pulver- 
ized alum ; roll it up neatly and pack it in a dry place 
for three or four days. At the end of that time you 
shake out the alum and the work is done. You will have 
a well tanned hide. 

Trapping and Hunting. 

Perhaps the greatest sport, is hunting and trapping, 
especially in woods and new country. 

I have known some who make the business very 
profitable, especially in trapping. 4 

Minic Trapping. 

It takes a man that is quite cunning to be successful 
in trapping a mink. Some sort of meat is generally used 
but it is not best unless it is always fresh. I think the 
best bate is the bladder of muskrat. Minks will scent 
it for two miles. A young man told me once, that he 
set a trap with this bate one evening and the next morn- 
ing he had a large mink. He tracked the mink from 
his starting place, and found that he came over two miles 
on a straight course for the muskrat. There is no meat 
of which mink are so fond as muskrats. If the muskrat 



MISCELLANEOUS. 105 



can not be easily obtained the extract of musk will do 
nearly as well. Minks are often found in muskrat piles. 
Where muskrats are plenty minks are few. 

Muskrats Caught. 

Nothing has been known to be better to bate muskrat 
than india rubber. You can burn or heat it in the even- 
ing, just before setting the trap. It will have a strong 
smell and is just what they seem to like. 

Trapping Wolf. 

"Wolves are often hunted with a little asafoetida on 
the heels of boots, then walk through the woods in the 
vicinity of wolves. As soon as they smell this scent 
they w^ill follow it up. 

Hunters sometimes climb up trees and let the w^olves 
come up to the tree and then shoot them. (I think this 
is the most pleasant way to kill wolves.) 

Asafoetida may also be used in trapping with great 
effect. If a wolf is within a mile and the "wind in the 
right direction he will be sure to find it. 

For Skunks. 

There is nothing more effectual than to get the trap 
in their way just before the hole, and cover it with 
ground. An egg placed on the trap will draw them 
most. Skunks are good bates for foxes. 



106 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Engraving on Gold or Silver. 

Any one can engrave on gold or silver in the follow- 
ing manner : Melt wax and cast it on the article on 
which you wish to engrave; then take a sharp-pointed 
instrument and make the letters or designs you wish 
through the wax, on the metal you wish to engrave; 
then take equal parts of nitric and muriatic acid and 
smear it over the wax, and the acid will follow out the 
lines and eat close. This can be done easily, and five 
cents will do five dollars' worth of work. Either of these 
acids will do the work alone on brass, iron, copper, steel, 
&c., but alone they will have no eifect on gold or silver, 
but when united they are strong enough for any metal. 

Varnish for Harness, 

White pine turpentine ...| lb. 

Gum shellac ^ " 

Venice turpentine J gill 

Ninety-eight per cent, alcohol ^ gallon 

Keep these in a jug in the sun, or by a stove, until 
the gums dissolve, and add: 

Sweet oil | gill 

Lamp-black 1 oz. 

Rub the lamp-black first with a little of the varnish. 

Varnish Amber. 

Pale boiled oil. 5 oz. 

Turpentine J pint 

Amber i lb. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 107 



Put the amber in an iron pot and heat until it 
becomes semi-liquid, then add the oil; mix and remove 
it from the fire. When cooled a little, stir in the tur- 
pentine. To the melted amber add shellac one ounce, 
and treat in the same manner as above. This makes a 
rather dark varnish, but is remarkably tough. The first 
method of making is preferable. It is excellent for 
covering wood. 

Varnish — Cabinet Makers'. 

Mastich 3J oz. 

Alcohol of ninety per cent 3 pints 

Very pale shellac 2 J lbs. 

Dissolve in the cold, stirring frequently. If prepared 
with weaker spirits it may be used to varnish morocco, 
leather book-covers, &c. 

Varnish — Biacic Japan. 

True asphaltum 2 J oz. 

Boiled linseed oil J gal. 

Burnt umber 4 oz. 

Grind the umber with a little of the oil, add it to the 
asphaltum, which should previously be dissolved in a 
small quantity of the oil by heat ; mix, and add the rest 
of the oil ; boil, cool, and thin with a sufficient quantity 
of the oil of turpentine. 

Varnish— Coach Makers. 

Melt eight ounces of amber in an iron pot, add to it 
one gill of drying linseed oil, boiling hot, powdered rosin 



108 MISCELLANEOUS. 



IJ ounces, asphaltum IJ ounces. Mix thoroughly by 
stirring over the fire, then remove. After it is cool, 
introduce half a pint of warm oil of turpentine. 

Varnish — Colorless. 

In two pints of rectified spirits of wine dissolve five 
ounces of shellac; boil for several minutes with ten 
ounces of well burned and recently heated animal char- 
coal. Now filter a small portion of the solution. If it 
is not colorless add more charcoal. After all color is 
removed, press the liquor through a piece of silk, and 
then filter through fine blotting paper. 

It should be applied in a room at least 60^ Fahr., 
perfectly free from dust. It dries in a short time, and 
is very good for drawings and prints that have been sized. 

Varnish for Glass. 

White of an egg and pulverized tragacamth, same 
quantity. Let it stand until dissolved. Apply care- 
fully on glass with a brush. 

Varnish — Glaze. 

Alcohol, 95 per cent 4 oz. 

Powdered sealing wax 1 " 

Bottle and keep in a warm place until the wax is dis- 
solved. This gives an excellent glazed polish to straw 
paper, leather, &c. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 109 



Coating Sheet Iron 

With varnish; to protect it from the action of the atmos- 
phere. Dip the- sheet iron plates in a solution of the 
chloride of iron. This will cover them with a thin tin 
scale. Then wash them well with warm water, and dip 
them into a melted composition of rosin and tallow. 
After which let them dry, and then dip into a hot solu- 
tion composed of 

Shellac 1 J lbs. 

Rosin IJ " 

Dissolved in alcohol 4 gals. 

Then take them out and dry them in an oven. 

Oil Paste Blacking. 

Ivory black 2 lbs. 

Molasses 5 oz. 

Oil of vitriol \\h. 

Tanners ' oil 5 oz . 

Mix the oil of vitriol and the tanners' oil together, 
let it stand one day, then add the ivory black and molasses 
and the whites of two eggs, and stir to a thin paste. 

Liquid Blacking. 

Oil of vitriol \ oz. 

Sweet oil J " 

Vinegar J gal. 

Ivory black (well pulverized) , J lb. 

Loaf sugar \ " ^j 



110 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Put into a stone jug and mix the whole thoroughly 
by stirring. This blacking has a great reputation, and 
is less injurious to the leather than most blackings, and 
gives a very fine polish. 

Black Varnish— For Straw Hats- 
Rectified spirits of wine 1 oz. 

Black sealing wax (the best) pulverized. -J " 

Put into a two ounce vial. Put into sand bath or 
near a moderate fire until the wax is dissolved ; then put 
it on warm with a fine, soft hair brush, before a fire or 
in the sun. This gives a beautiful gloss to old straw 
hats. 

Drying Paints. 

Borax 2 oz. 

Shellac 6 " 

Water ..50 " 

Apply heat carefully, and keep stirring the mixture 
until you obtain a colorless solution. This solution forms 
a varnish perfectly impermeable to water, and is not 
afiected by atmosphere. It can be used with oil paints. 
To dry them quickly, add an equal part of the varnish 
w^ith a little turpentine to the oil color, and rub them 
together until it is well mixed. It dries in from ten to 
fifteen minutes. 

To Paint Iron. 

Take sufiicient' lamp-black for two coats, and mix 
with equal quantities of boiled linseed oil and Japan 
Varnish. 



MISCELLANEOUS, 111 



Salver Plating by Heat. 

Dissolve one ounce pure silver in nitric acid, and pre- 
cipitate it with common salt, to which add half a pound 
sal am^moniac, sandever and white vitriol, and half an 
ounce sublimate ; or — 

Dissolve one ounce pure silver in nitric acid, and pre- 
cipitate it with common salt, and add, after washing, six 
ounces common salt, three ounces each of sandever and 
white vitriol, and one quarter ounce of sublimate. These 
are to be ground up into a paste, upon a fine stone with 
a muller. The substance to be silvered must be rubbed 
over with a sufiicient quantity of the paste, and exposed 
to a proper degree of heat. When the silver runs it is 
taken from the fire and dipped into weak spirits of salts 
to clean it. This recipe is from J. Marquart. 

Sliver Plating. 

The following is the most reliable of anything out- 
side of a battery : it works fully as well, if proper atten- 
tion is paid to it. Take either chloride of gold or silver, 
just which you choose to plate with. (If you have a 
piece of gold or silver you wish to use, you can prepare 
the chloride yourself.) You can place the piece of coin 
you wish to dissolve in a glass vessel, then pour on i-t 
equal parts of nitric acid and muriatic acid. Pour on 
ju-st enough to dissolve all the coin. If the acid ceases 
to work, pour in more until it works, and so on. Then, 



112 MISCELLANEOUS, 



when it is all dissolved, precipitate it by salt; tliat is, 
throw common salt in the solution, and the metal will all 
get on the salt. This salt wants to be rinsed with clean 
water, then you have chloride of gold or silver. 

Then dissolve cyanuret of potassium one ounce in 
pure rain-water, one pint to which add the chloride of 
gold, or silver. One to three drachms may be used at 
a time. This solution is then ready. The article to be 
plated must then be well cleaned of all grease &c., and, 
for this purpose, you had better use the following solu- 
tion : One ounce muriatic acid in one pint of water. 
Immerse the article to be cleaned in this solution, and 
let it remain in a few minutes, then with a brush rub it. 
Then take the article and put a small, clean piece of 
common zinc around it, letting the ends come together. 
Then immerse this article in the solution, and let it 
remain in for a few moments, say fifteen minutes ; then 
take out and clean in clean water, and put it in again. 
This can be taken out and cleaned as often as you choose. 
This will then be as good a plate as can be put on, only 
the burnishing, or, the very glossy, smooth appearance 
will not be there ; otherwise it is perfect. When I was 
a young boy I paid $3 for this recipe and used it very 
much. 

Jewelry Cleaning and Polishing. 

Take whiting and stir into alcohol until it is the con- 
sistency of sweet cream ; this makes a very fine polish 



MISCELLANEOUS. 113 



and is not very gritty. It may be used either with a 
fine brush, or soft rag, or buckskin ; the brush is best, 
however. 

Scouring Paste. 

Aqua ammonia 1 oz. 

Prepared chalk J " 

Mix well and keep this, as well as the former, well 
corked. This recipe is similar to the former and may 
be used in the same way. 

How to Write in Silver. 

Mix finest pewter or block tin one ounce and two 
ounces quick-silver together till both become fluid, then 
grind it with gum water, and write with it. The writ- 
ing will look as if done with silver. 

J. MARQUART. 

Whitewash Equal to Paint. 

This whitewash is said to be the best of the kind ever 
known. It has the recommendation of being equal to 
the common white lead. It is attended with only a trifle 
expense. This is the wording in which I got the recipe. 

Take half a bushel of clean white lime, put it in a bar- 
rel and pour hot water over it until it overflows three to 
five inches, according to the thickness of the barrel, then 
dissolve two pounds of sulphate of zinc, then mix them 
well, and add sufficient water to keep it in the consist- 
ency of lime water. 



114 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Cheap Drab Paint. 

The following is also recommended to be very tena- 
cious. This paint is used in great quantity for fences, 
barns, &c. Mix a quantity of cement with sweet skim- 
med milk to the consistency of ordinary paint. This is 
a very beautiful drab color, almost too cheap to be prop- 
ly appreciated. It is equally good for smooth and rough 
wood, for bricks or plastered walls, where no oil or paint 
has been used. It becomes very hard, and is as tenac- 
ious as the best of paints. 

Black Ink. 

Logwood................ .....•• 1 lb. 

Soft water 1 gal. 

Bi-chromate of potash ................................24 gr. 

Prussiate of potash.. 12 " 

The logwood should be boiled in the soft water for 
one hour before any other ingredient is added. The 
bi-chromate of potash should also be dissolved in hot 
water. All these should be put in the water while it 
boils. This is then supposed to be the best ink in use. 

Frosting or Grinding Glass. 

This is a very pleasant and easy process when under- 
stood. Most of the grinding is done by throwing any 
finely powdered stones on the glass, and inibbing with a 
piece of copper, brass, or something of that kind. But 
the easiest and b^at way Jto do is by hydrofluoric acid. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 115 



This acid will eat out the silica of the glass and thus 
cause it to appear ground. 

Etching on Glass. 

Ornamented work is done in this way. The whole 
of the glass may be covered with asphaltum varnish, and 
in a short time, when this gets sticky so it will not 
run, take a sharp pointed instrument and write through 
the varnish on the glass. You can draw any marks or 
lines you may wish. Then take a feather and fill the 
lines with the acid, and it will eat the glass only where 
the varnish has been taken oflF. If large lettering is to 
be done, you can put on the varnish only between and 
around the letters, leaving the form of the letters clear, 
and then proceed as before. After the acid has worked 
enough, the best way is to pour on water and dilute the 
acid. Wash it off clean, then take off the varnish. 

Another method is to melt wax and pour it on the 
glass (having it smoothly distributed), and scratch the 
designs through it. This is perhaps just as good and 
easier to remove when the process is completed. 

Hyrfrofluoric Acid 

Can be made in the following manner, if it is not easily 
found; it is in all large cities: Take flour or Derby- 
shire spar, pulverize and put it into sulphuric acid. The 
acid will dissolve. The painters or glaziers claim that 
the acids used in such work are very expensive, and 



116 MISCELLAXEOUS. 

therefore charge very high. But this is a mistake. Dn 
Chase says an ounce will do fifty dollars' worth of work, 
and it costs only seventy-five cents per pound. This 
solution, or acid, can only be kept in gutta percha, or in 
lead vases. Glass will, of course, not contain it. 

Engraving Karnes on Steel with Acid. 

This is a process which affords a great deal of enjoy- 
ment. The hardest steel can be so easily marked as 
deep as desired. The article to be marked is first cov- 
ered with varnish, then a sharp-pointed instrument is 
taken, and the name marked through the varnish, just 
what you want the name to be. Then fill the lines with 
nitric acid. Perhaps it can be best applied with a brush 
or feather. The acid then eats the steel only where the 
marking was made through the varnish. Wax may be 
melted and poured on instead of varnish. The engraving 
can be made as deep as desired. Leave the acid on from 
one to ten minutes. It will make a nice, visible mark in 
two minutes. When it is deep enough, first wash it off, 
then take off the w^ax or varnish. 

Varnishes. 

Best alcohol, one quart; fine gum shellac, 10 ounces. 
Put in a bottle or jug and set away where it will keep 
warm, and it will soon be fit for use. 

By the use of this varnish the grain in wood will 
show off splendidly. Hence it is valuable for plows and 



MISCELLANEOUS. 117 



other articles where you wish to show the grain in the 
wood. 

Linseed Oil. 

Boil any quantity of linseed for an hour, and to every 
pint of oil add one-fourth of a pound of good clear rosin, 
well powdered. As soon as the rosin is well dissolved, 
which can be helped a good deal by stirring, add one 
ounce of spirits of turpentine for every pint of oil. Strain 
it and cool, and it w411 be fit for use. This is cheap and 
useful, and is not liable to be injured when hot water is 
applied. 

Varnish for Tools. 

Tallow two ounces, rosin one ounce ; melt together, 
strain while hot to get the impurities out of the rosin. 
Apply to your tools, and it will keep off rust perfectly. 

Varnish for Harness. 

India-rubber J lb. 

Spirits of turpentine. J gal. 

Put the rubber into the turpentine, heat it to milk 
warmth, until it forms a jelly ; now add one-half gallon 
good linseed oil, hot, to the above, on a slow fire ; stir 
well and it is fit for use. This forms an excellent var- 
nish for harness and leather work. 

Cheap. 

•Mix two pounds copal varnish, and one-half an 
ounce of linseed oil varnish; shake often so as to 



118 MISCELLANEOUS, 



mix it well then set it away in a warm place. To use 
prepare the wood to be varnished by coating it with glue- 
water, then rub down wdth pumice stone, after which 
apply the varnish. To put on a polish, rub afterward 
with a solution of wax and ether. This makes a good 
varnish for clock-cases, picture-frames, and other articles 
of furniture, where a cheap varnish only is required. 

Maps. 

Take equal parts of genuine, pale Canada balsam, 
and rectified oil of turpentine ; put it in a bottle and 
set it in warm water, at the same time shaking it 
well so as to mix. Set aside in a moderately warm 
place, and let it stand for a week, pour off what is clear 
and you will have a varnish that can not be beaten for 
maps, charts, and for transferring engravings. 

Waterproof. 

Pale shellac three parts by weight, spirits of sal 
ammoniac one part, water eight parts ; put in a bottle, 
shake well and let stand corked for twelve hours, 
then place in an earthen vessel, over a fire, and boil 
until the shellac is fully dissolved. If you wish to 
use it on oil-cloths, add twelve parts of water in which! 
some ochre or terrade seinna has been mixed; this 
applied, leaves when dry, a layer that is waterproof. 
Wood can also by this means, in a measure, be rendered ^ 
waterproof. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 119 



Mahogany. 

Tie or tack a rag to a stick, and dip it into aqua- 
fortis, and rub the furniture with this ; then set into the 
sun to dry. This should be applied to walnut only to 
produce a mahogany color. Be careful not to get the 
aqua-fortis on the hands. 

Cherry. 

Rain water three quarts, annotta four ounces. 
Boil in a copper kettle until the annotta is dissolved, 
then add a piece of potash the size of a common walnut. 
Keep on the fire about half an hour longer and it is 
ready for use. Bottle for keeping. Use on poplar and 
other light woods, to give a cherry color. It also improves 
the appearance of cherry itself. 

Yellow. 

Water one gallon, French berries one pound, alum 
one-half ounce. Boil two hours, and use hot. 

Ebony. 

Wash the wood over two or three times with a solu- 
tion of sulphate of iron, let it dry, and apply two or 
three coats of a strong decoction of logwood. Wipe 
the wood when dry, with a sponge and water, and polish 
with oil. 

Rosewood. 

Equal parts of logwood, and redwood chips, and 
boil in just sufficient water to make a strong stain. 



120 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Apply two or three coats to the furniture while hot, 
according to the depth of the color desired. 

Blue. 

Solution of sulphate of indigo is used hot first, and 
then a solution of cream of tartar, three ounces in one 
quart of water. This is a good stain for wooden parti- 
tions, side boards, &c., in rooms where this color is desir- 
able. 

Oak Shade for Floors. 

To strong lye of wood-ashes add enough copperas 
for the required oak shade, which must be found out by 
testing. Put this on with a mop, and varnish it afterward 
with the waterproof varnish. 

Furniture. 

Take alcohol one and a half ounces, muriate acid, 
spirits of salts, one-half ounce, linseed oil eight ounces, 
best vinegar one-half pint, and butter of antimony one 
and a half ounces. Mix, putting in the vinegar last. 
Shake before using. Applied to old furniture it will 
make it look as well as new. 

Leather. 

Black, red, or blue. Pure alcohol one pint, sealing 
wax, whatever color you desire, three sticks. Dissolve 
by heat and apply it warm with a sponge. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 121 



To produce black on leather it is best to apply cop- 
peras water first, as it will serve to give it body and save 
extra cost. This can be used on any fancy work, made 
of leather. 

Whitewashes— Briinant 

To sixteen pounds Paris white, add one-half pound 
white transparent glue which has been previously soaked 
and dissolved ; stir the Paris white in hot water until it 
has the proper consistency for applying to the wall, then 
add the glue and mix well. 

Uncle Sam's, 

Slake half a bushel of lime with boiling water, keep- 
ing it covered during the process ; strain it and add a 
peck of salt, dissolved in warm water, three pounds of 
ground rice put in boiling water and boiled to a thin 
paste, half a pound of powdered Spanish whiting and a 
pound of glue, dissolved in warm water ; mix all well 
together and let stand several days. Keep the wash thus 
prepared in a portable kettle and apply hot as possible. 

If the above directions are faithfully followed, you 
will get a wash that will last you for years. It is used 
by the ^' Light House Board" at Washington who 
reccommend it very highly. 

Improved, 

Take four ounces of glue, soak for twelve hours in 
tepid water, then place it in a tin vessel in a quart of 



122 miscellaneous: 



water and bring it to a boil, in a manner usual in melting 
glue. Six or eight pounds of sulphate of baryta reduced 
to a fine powder is put in another vessel, hot water is 
added, and the whole stirred until it has the appearance 
of milk of lime, the glue is then added, and the whole 
stirred together and applied in the ordinary way while 
hot. 

Stucco. 

Take half a bushel of unslaked lime, slake it with 
boiling water, covering it during the process to keep in 
the steam ; strain the liquor through a fine sieve, and 
add to it one peck of fine salt previously dissolved in 
warm water, three pounds .of ground rice formed into 
a thin paste, and stirred in hot. Half a pound of Span- 
ish whiting and one pound of clean glue, which has been 
soaked and dissolved in a glue kettle ; add five gallons 
of hot water to the whole mixture, stir it well and let it 
stand several days, covered from dirt. It should be put 
on quite hot, and should for this purpose be kept in a 
portable furnace. This wash can also be colored to any 
tint desired. 

Bed-bug Poison. 

The following is death on bedbugs : Take a pint of 
spirits of wine, sal ammoniac two ounces, spirits of tur- 
pentine one pint, corrosive sublimate two ounces, and 
gum camphor two ounces ; dissolve the gum camphor in 
alcohol, then pulverize the corrosive sublimate, and sal 



MISCELLANEOUS. 123 



ammoniac and add to it. After which put in the spirits of 
turpentine and shake well. This is rather an extensive 
mixture, but it is good and reliable. 

Another. 

In eight ounces of spirits of wine dissolve two 
drachms of corrosive sublimate, then add one-half a pint 
spirits of turpentine. This is an effectual destroyer of 
bedbugs, but being a strong poison great care should be 
taken in the use of it. 

Another Bed-bug Poison. 

It is said by women, and therefore of good authority, 
that kerosene is a deadly poison on bed-bugs and their 
eggs. This is, perhaps, more unpleasant than handy to 
use. 

Insect Poison. 

Petroleum oil possesses the highest efficacy as a 
destroyer of all kinds of insects that are injurious to 
plants or animals. Petroleum oil is not purified, and is 
therefore cheaper and better. 

Insects on Trees. 

Trees are very much neglected, especially plum and 
apple. The eggs are laid on the trunk and larger 
branches, which, when they may easily be destroyed by 
the application of strong lye, soap w^ater, or if you can 
go to a few cents expense, get petroleum oil and wash 



124 MISCELLANEOUS. 



them. This will destroy the eggs, and soon the trees 
are freed from them. The most of these insects will 
hatch and go to the leaves, and some to the fruit. 

Moths. 

I think the best way to prevent moths from getting 
into furs, and such things that are only worn in winter, 
and consequently left undisturbed during summer, is to 
put them in a tight paper bag and tie it up well. This 
prevents millers, and consequently moths. . 

Woolen goods may be packed in drawers with paper 
around them, and saturated in turpentine. This is an 
effectual cure. Cedar shavings, Russia leather, &c., are 
also good preventives. If the goods have been exposed, 
hang them in the hot sun for a few days, and they are 
destroyed. 

Fleas. 

I do not know but what fleas are of all torments the 
most aggravating. They bite almost as hard as a dog, 
and they cannot be caught in any way, and even if you 
could catch them you cannot hurt them. You may rub 
and pinch them all you please, and when you stop to 
look at them they will bounce in the middle of the floor, 
and just as soon as you turn your head they will seek for 
revenge. I knew a young man who tried for nearly two 
hours to kill a flea which had been tormenting him. He 
finally concluded to hold it on an anvil and pound it to 
pieces, but as he raised the hammer the flea saw the 



MISCELLANEOUS. 125 



serious intentions, and bit him in the finger and leaped 
away. His ambition was considerably embarrassed. The 
Hoosier schoolmaster says the only way to get rid of 
them is to insult them. 

To Preserve Polished Iron from Rust. 

Polished iron may be preserved from rust by a mix- 
ture not very expensive, consisting of copal varnish, 
mixed with as much olive oil as will give it a degree of 
greasiness, adding thereto nearly as much spirits of tur- 
pentine as varnish. This is an excellent mixture for car- 
penters, blacksmiths, &c., to have. Their tools will not 
appear greasy, yet they are sufficiently covered to keep 
them from rusting. 

Waterproof for Leather and Cloth, 

The new patent waterproof composition consists of 
the following materials : Boil six gallons of linseed oil, 
one and a half pounds of rosin, four and a half pounds of 
red lead, litharge, or any other substance that is used as 
a dryer, together, until it has the consistency to stick to 
your fingers when stirring. Then cool ofi", and thin it 
about the thickness of sweet oil, with spirits of turpen- 
tine, then let it stand for two days and pour off the top. 
Then add ivory black, or lampblack, one and a half 
pounds, and Prussian blue one and a half pounds, ground 
in linseed oil. This composition is then ready to be used 
on any leather or cloth, and is an excellent paint. The 
recipe for this has been sold for $25. 



126 MISCELLANEOUS, 



Hens Eating Eggs. 

This can be prevented by feeding the chickens fresh 
meats, sand and pulverized bone, oyster shells, &c. This 
will supply the calcareous matter which they crave, and 
they will leave the egg shell and egg alone. 

Gapes. 

Gapes is caused by a small worm in the throat. Take 
a small bushy feather, strip it to within an inch of the 
end, put it down the chickens wind pipe, turn it briskly 
around a few times, so as to entangle the worms on the 
feather, and draw them out. If this fails, put a little 
turpentine on the feather, and this will kill them. It is 
supposed by some persons that these worms come from 
impure water. 

Lice on Chiclcens. 

As a preventative, use sanafear poles for roosts. 
Keep them clean and warm, and give them plenty of 
sharp, clean sand to rub in. Infected premises may be 
thoroughly smoked out by burning brimstone in them. 
Strew some sulphur in the hen house. 

Poodle Dogs. 

I do not recommend the poodle dogs. The only way 
to keep them is to wash them once a week. If this is 
not done, and the dog is sick, the best remedy is to 
at once cut oflf his tail close behind his ears. In doing 



MISCELLANEOUS. 127 



this, there is no use in sending for the most celebrated 
veterinary surgeon. This method of phlebotomy will be 
found entirely effective. 

Lice Ointment. 

Mercurial ointment, says Prof. H. H. Rassweiler, is 
the best thing for lice out. He says, while teaching a 
small country school, most all the children had lice, 
and he got mercurial ointment and put it between the 
lath where the plaster was knocked off, and that cleaned 
them out "tip top." This, I think, is reliable, for I 
have never known Prof. Rassweiler to tell a lie. Any 
hair oil used freely, will destroy lice at once. Cream 
smeared on will also work with good effect. 

Rat Exterminator. 

Dissolve phosphorus J oz. 

In butter | " by heat. 

Make a paste of water and flour 1|^ lbs. 

Mix the whole, spread on bread where rats can g^t 
at it, or make it into balls, covered or rolled with sugar. 



Another. 

Lard 1 lb. 

Phosphorus | oz. 

Warm water 1 pint. 

Mix and thicken with flour. 



I 



128 MISCELLANEOUS. 



For the Old Siy Rat. 

If the old rat gets too sharp for the former raethod, 
try the following : Get a few grains of strychnine, 
have a little fresh lean meat broiled, cut it in pieces, and 
insert a little strychnine in each, by cutting a little hole 
in it and closing it over again. But do not handle with 
your fingers else they will smell it. Then put the meat 
on a plate, cover with a piece of paper, and set where 
the rats are in the habit of going, but not too near their 
hole. When these are eaten up, replace and continue 
for several davs. 

Rat Poison,— From Sir Humphrey Davy. 

This odorless, tasteless, and an infallible poison : 

Grease J lb. 

Carbonate of Brarytes 1 oz. 

Mix : This produces great thirst, consequently 
water must be placed by it, for they die before they get 
back into their holes. Be careful that no other animal 
gets near it, as it is the most deadly poison. In this 
way they can be gathered up, and taken where they 
will not torment you with the stench of their dead car- 
casses. 

Insects — To Exterminate. 

Scatter chloride of lime on a plank in a stable, 
and biting fleas will be drawn away. By sprinkling 
beds of vegetables with a weak solution of this salt. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 129 



effectually preserves them from caterpillars, slugs, &c. 
It has the same effect when sprinkled on fruit tree£^ 
or shrubbery. If you make of it, by mixing with 
fatty matter, and applying in a narrow band, around 
the tree, it will prevent the insect from creeping up. 
Another good plan is, to keep all the toads in your 
garden, you can find. They are good insect extermin- 
tors. A toad will swallow the largest specimen of tomato 
worm, spiders, wasps ; and hens destroy all insects. 
A duck will go up and down the rows of potatoes and 
tomatoes, and eat worms as fast as it can find them. 
Young turkeys will do the same, though they are not so 
easily controlled. It is also a good plan to pick the 
fallen fruit once or twice a day. Cook it and feed it to 
your cattle, and you will soon get rid of your insects. 

Wine— Blackberry. 

Pick berries that are fully ripe, put them into a tub 
or pan with a tap in it. Pour on just enough boiling 
water to cover them. As soon as it has cooled sufficiently 
to allow you to put in the hand, bruise them until all the 
berries are broken. Let them stand covered until the 
berries begin to rise toward the top, which they usually 
do in two or three days. Then draw off the clean liquor 
into another vessel, and add to every five quarts of this 
liquor, two pounds of sugar. Stir it thoroughly and let 
it stand to work a week or ten days. Filter it through 



iSO MISCELLANEOUS. 



a jelly bag into a cask. Now take four ounces of isin- 
glass, and lay it to steep for twelve hours, in a pint 
of blackberry juice. The next morning, boil it over a 
slow fire for half an hour, with a quart or three pints 
more juice, and pour it into the cask. When cool stir it 
about well and leave it to settle for a few days, then rack 
it ofiF into a clean cask and bung it down. 

Wine,— Imitation of Madeira- 
Prepared cider 5 gali3. 

Pure imported madeira wine f " 

Sweet liquor IJ qts. 

Tartaric acid J oz. 

Oil of bitter almonds, cut in alcohol J dr. 

Bruised raisins 1 lb. 

Brandy 1 qt. 

Let stand ten days, then rack, and five days to clear. 

To Remove Paint from Garments. 

Saturate the spot with spirits of turpentine for a few 
hours; when it gets dry repeat the process, then rub it 
between the hands, and it will crumble away without the 
least injury to the color of any goods, cotton, woolen or 
silk. 

To Remove Blacic Spots from WooSen Goods. 

Mix sufficient tartaric acid, taste. Saturate the black 
spots with it, being careful not to have it extend to the 
clean parts of the garment. Rinse the spot immediately 



MISCELLANEOUS. 131 



in pure water. Weak saleratus water is good to remove 
spots produced by acids. 

Stains from Silks. 

Salts of ammonia mixed with lime will take out stains 
of fruits, such as cherries, grapes, &c. 

Tar and Pitch Removed. 

Scrape oif all you can, then saturate the spots with 
sweet oil or lard. Rub it in well, and let it remain in 
the heat of the sun, or in some other warm place for an 
hour, then it can be cleaned as any other grease with 
turpentine, &c. 

Stains from the Hands. 

Vinegar or lemon juice are good to remove stains 
from the hands. The following is also found very con- 
venient for those who are liable to stain their hands with 
fruits, inks, dyestuffs, &c. : Mix equal proportions of 
oxalic acid and cream of tartar, and keep it in a covered 
box, out of the way of children, as it is a poison if they 
eat it. When it is to be used, dip your fingers into warm 
water, and rub a little portion of this pow^der, and wash 
with soap. 

To Remove Paint. 

Aqua Ammonia.c .ccr , o..o 2 oz. 

Soft Water 1 qt. 

Saltpetre 1 teaspoonful. 

Variegated Soap 2 oz. 



132 MISCELLANEOUS. 



It will soften paint and absorb the oil at once. 
This solution should be kept in every family, as it is so 
useful. Some people do not like an article that will do 
more than one thing, but that is a poor plan. This 
article is as good to remove grease as it is to remove 
paint, and also equally good to remove dandruff, as dan- 
druff is only a sort of a greasy secretion dried in a scab, 
and this is dissolved by the solution and the head per- 
fectly cleaned. It has also an unpleasant connection 
with lice. The ammonia and saltpetre make them so 
drunk that their last move is for life. It is equally good 
for 

Bedbugs. 

Put a little of the above solution on a bedbug, and 
his earthly career is ended. The eggs are also destroyed 
by a good wash. I think no one ought to be without 
this solution. I am sure if I had lice or bedbugs I 
would get this up at once. There is only fifteen cents 
expense to the whole cost, and you have an article good 
and reliable. 

To Take Grease-spots or Stains Out of Clothing. 

Put a little powdered magnesia on the stain and 
press on the other side with a hot smoothing-iron. 

CHAS. NAUMAN. 

Cheap Paint. 

Ground fine white lead ground in oil, one pint ; water 
lime, one quart. Mix them thoroughly by adding best 



MISCELLANEOUS. 133 



boiled linseed oil, enough to prepare it to pass through 
a paint-mill ; after which temper with oil till it can be 
applied with a common paint-ferush. You may vary its 
color as to notion, only add a little coloring of any kind. 
It is said it will last three times as long as any other 
lead paint and costs only one-fourth as much. This 
must make it valuable. , 

Grease Spots Removed. 

Aqua ammonia 2 oz. 

Soft water 1 qt. 

Saltpetre 1 teaspoonful 

Variegated shaving soap 1 oz. 

Scrape the soap finely, mix all, shake well, and it will 
be a little better to let it stand a day or so, as the 
ingredients wdll dissolve better. Soak well the grease 
spots with this solution and rub thoroughly, and then if 
necessary put it on again and sponge well, then wash 
off well Avith clean water. 

Shampoo. 

The solution above is also very good as a shampoo, it 
will remove all grease, dandruff, and if any lice it will 
tame them so that they wont bite any more 

Floors — To Scour. . 

Take some clean, fine sand, scatter it on the floor, 
dissolve an ounce of potash in a pint of water ; sprinkle 
this over the sand ; rub the boards along their length 



134 MISCELLANEOUS, 



with a scrubbing brush, and good mottled soap, change 
the water frequently, and use it very hot. This will 
clean the floor thoroughly if properly applied. 

Neats-foot Oil. 

In manufacturing this oil, use only the bones of the 
foot after rejecting the hoofs. In the hind feet of the 
animals the bones go up to the first joint, which bends 
inside ; get these bones as fresh and clean as possible, 
and boil them for half an hour in a suitable vessel ; after 
cooling, pour or siphon oif the oil, then filter it through 
a piece of flannel and it is prepared for use. If the 
bones are not fresh, the oil may have a bad odor. It 
must then be purified by shaking it with a weak solution 
of bleaching powder, and a little hydrochloric acid, 
washing and filtering it with water; remove the solid 
fats, melt again, and pour through muslin. Is excellent 
for pomatums. 

Oil, (Lamp,) to Purify. 

Water six pounds, chloride of lime half a pound. 
Triturate the chloride of lime in a large mortar, adding 
water gradually, so as to make a smooth soap paste. 
Now add water so that it will have the consistency of 
cream. Mix this thoroughly with the oil by stirring 
often and carefully, in the proportion of one pint of the 
paste to fifty pounds of oil, or a little more. Let it 
remain for two or three hours, then add half a pound of 
sulphuric acid which has been diluted with ten or fifteen 



MISCELLANEOUS. 135 



parts of water. Boil with a slow heat, stirring all the 
time until the oil drops clear from the end of a piece 
dipped in the end of it. After boiling is finished, allow 
it to settle for several hours, then draw off from the acid- 
ulated water. The mortar for the trituration of the 
chloride should be neither iron nor copper, and the boiler 
should be lined mth lead. 

Lubricatmg Axles, Wagon Grease. 

Lard one pound, tallow three pounds, fine black lead 
one pound, india rubber two ounces* Cut into shreds^ 
beat them together until they are completely mixed, when 
it makes a most excellent anti-friction grease for the axles 
of wagons. If you cannot get these materials, make a 
paste of wheat flour in oil, and it will answ^er nearly as 
well. Powdered soapstone and oil are excellent. 



til Paste Blacking. 

Camphene one half pint. Put in as much india rub- 
ber as it will dissolve ; then add — 

Lampblack 1 oz . 

Tallow. 3 lbs. 

Curriers* oil J pt . 

Mix well with heat. This is excellent for old har- 
ness, also for carriage tops, boots and shoes. 

Waterproof Paste. 

Castor or neatsfoot oil 1 pt. 

Lacmpblack 1 oz. 



136 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Tallow 2 lbs. 

Beeswax J " 

Mix it thoroughly by heating. 

Another BSaoking. 

The following is very highly recommended for pre- 
serving boots and shoes : 

Rosin , ,...! lb. 

Tallow 1 " 

Put in a vessel on a hot fire, melt and mix well. 
Warm the boots and apply the hot mixture with a brush, 
until the sole and upper have taken all they will absorb. 
If you wish the boots to have a polish, dissolve one ounce 
of wax in spirits of turpentine, and add a teaspoonful of 
lampblack. Apply this to the boots a day after they 
have been treated with the rosin and tallow. Do not 
heat them when you apply this. 

Starching. 

For starching calicoes, ginghams and muslins, dis- 
solve a piece of alum about the size of a shellbark for 
each pint of starch, and add to it. This will keep the 
colors bright for a long time, which is very desirable, 
when dresses must be washed often ; and the cost is but 
a trifle. 

Starch Flour. 

Tix flour slowly with cold water, so as to clear it of 
all lumps. Stir in till it will pour easily, then stir it 



MISCELLANEOUS. 137 



into a pot of boiling water and let it boil five or six min- 
utes ; stir it frequently ; add a little spermaceti to make 
it smoother. This is a good starch for cotton and linen. 

Starch GJiie. 

Take three quarts of water, boil in it a piece of glue 
four inches square ; keep in a bottle well corked. For 
calicoes. 

Eoamel for Shsrt- Bosoms. 

A beautiful gloss may be made in the following way: 
One ounce of white wax and two and a half ounces of 
spermaceti ; melt together on a gentle heat ; then you 
may pour it in a mould for cooling. It is said that the 
size of a pea will starch half a dozen shirts. I think a 
little more will not hurt it. This is, perhaps, the best 
article for rfiat purpose that is in use at present. 

Liquid Bluing. 

Take best Prussian blue, pulverized, one ounce; 
oxaHc acid, also pulverized, half an ounce ; soft water, 
one quart ; mix. The acid dissolves the blue and holds 
it equal in the water. One to two teaspoonfuls is suffi- 
cient for a tub of water — just as you may desire it. 

Starch Polish. 

Take dry potato or wheat starch, enough to make a 
pint of starch when boiled. To this add : 

White wax J dr. 

Spermaceti J " 



188 MISCELLANEOUS, 



Then use it as a common starch. Use the iron as 
hot as possible. In this way you will produce a brilliant 
polish. 

Starch — Lustre. 

The substance known by this name is extensively 
used for washing purposes, which, when added to the 
starch, causes the linen to which it is applied to assume 
a high polish and a dazzling w^hiteness. A portion, the 
size of an old-fashioned cent, added to half a pound of 
starch and boiled two or three minutes, will produce the 
best results. This substance is nothing more than stea- 
rine. By the addition of a small quantity of ultra- 
marine blue the (principal ingredient being the stearine) 
it will be found to add very much to the beauty of linen 
articles, either with or without coloring. 

Glycerine. 

This is the name of a new preparation and is very 
highly recommended as an ointment for healing wounds, 
erysipelas, cutaneous affections and broken surfaces of 
all kinds. It forms a sort of varnish over the skin and 
thus excludes the air. . To prepare : 

Take glycerine 5 parts 

The yolk of eggs 4 " 

Mix. It has the consistency of honey, feels like 
salve, and is not changed in the air. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 139 



Glycerine. 

Glycerine is the residuum left after the making of 
soap and stearine candles, and which for a long time was 
considered worthless. The medicinal properties of gly- 
cerine are very marvelous, it being very valuable in 
pharmacy, and an excellent antiseptic. It is capable of 
preserving animal substances from decay ; keeps leather 
soft and pliant ; wooden vessels saturated with it, neither 
dry up nor shrink, and has wonderful power in healing 
sores and removing pains, ear-aches, &c. 

To Prevent FSies from Spotting Pictures. 

Boil four onions in a quart of water and wash the 
glass thoroughly. 

To Destroy Lice on Cattle. 

Dissolve camphor in spirits and apply. Is an effec- 
tual remedy. 

Another. 

Lard 2 parts 

Coal oil 4 " 

Melt it together and apply. This will kill the lice 
for sure. 

Another. 

Feeding the animal with onions, is said to make the 
lice travel ''West" in ten or fifteen hours, at least it 
would if they dislike onions as much as I do. 



140 MISCELLANEOUS. 



To Prevent Pens from Corroding. 

Put a small nail or piece of iron into the ink bottle ; 
in a short time the free SO 3 will unite with it instead 
of corroding the pens. 

Ink Stains — To Remove from Linen. 

^ Take a clean sponge or rag, rub the soiled spot 
thoroughly with lemon juice, in which has been dissolved 
a small quantity of salt. 

Ink — To Remove from Dress Goods. 

Soft water 1 pint 

Ten cents worth of oxalic acid; dissolve the acid, 
then dip the stained spot into it quickly, and then into 
clean water and rub well, repeat this until the stains are 
removed. If you keep the goods in the acid too long 
the texture will be destroyed. Be careful and dip only 
the spots in the liquid. 

Iron Rust — To Remove. 

Soak the rust with petroleum, then rub well with 
coarse sand paper. In this way you can remove every 
particle of rust. 

Liniment for Paralysis. 

Oil of lavender J oz« 

Alcohol 1 " 

Sulphuric ether ;. 3 " 

L audanum ^ J " 



MISCELLANEOUS. 141 



Mix and cork tightly. If the case of paralysis is 
recent, bathe and rub the whole extent of the numbed 
surface, thoroughly, Avith this preparation for several 
minutes, rubbing with the hand, at least three times a 
day. At the same time, take, internally, 20 drops of 
the same, in a little sweetened water, to prevent transla- 
tion upon some internal organ. It may be used to great 
profit in all cases. In very recent cases it may be well 
to keep the parts covered with flannels. Also rub the 
parts often with the hand. Electricity applied by some 
one who understands its operations. Apply the lini- 
ment freely, using about an ounce per day, on an arm or 

leg. 

Indian Ink. 

Let ivory-black or lamp-black be mixed with a small 
portion of Prussian blue, or indigo, for a blue black, and let 
the same lamp-black be mixed raw, or burnt umber, bis- 
ter Vandyke, or any other brown, instead of the blue, 
when a brown black is required. These powders should 
first be well mixed and powdered, then use gum water to 
mix them to the consistency of a thick paste. It mu^t 
not be made too wet with the gum water, as the gum 
arable will give it an unpleasant gloss. 

Another Indian Snk. 

Isinglass 6 oz. 

Soft water 12 " 

Refined licorice, ground up 1 '' 

Genuine ivory black 1 " 



142 MISCELLANEOUS. 



These ingredients want to be prepared well, then the 
water must be evaporated, and the ink will be ready to 
be worked into sticks. 

Red Ink. 

Carmine 12 gr. 

Spirits of ammonia * 2 oz. 

Heat the two, and stir well, then add gum arable 
eighteen grains, and stir till dissolved. This makes a 
fine, red ink. If any large quantities are desired the 
following may be the best : 

Galls 40 lbs. 

Gum arable 10 " 

Copperas \ 9 " 

Soft water 45 gal. 

This is the mixture used by almost all paper rulers 
that use red ink. It is good and very durable. If 
smaller quantities be desired, use the following : 

Red Ink from Vermillion. 

Gum arable J oz. 

Sugar 1 teaspoonful. 

Alcohol.... 1 oz. 

Mix all these well until they are fine, then add such 
a proportion of vermillion as will produce a color 
sufiiciently strong. 

Green Writing Ink. 

Crystals of verdigris .1 oz. 

Gum arable 5 dr. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 143 



Dissolve both of these articles in separate vessels, 
then mix. This forms a good green ink= 

Green ink can also be made in the following manner, 
if the crystals of verdigris cannot be had, or unhandy, 

take the powder and verdigris 1 oz. 

White vinegar , 1 qt. 

White sugar 2 dr. 

Dissolve the sugar, and then let the verdigris in the 
quart of vinegar two or three days, and stir often, then 
strain through fine flannel. 

Yellow Ink. 

French berries 2 oz. 

Alum.... J " 

Gum arable 2 dr. 

White sugar 1 ^' 

Dissolve the sugar and gum arabic, then boil until 
one-third evaporates, then strain. This is an English 
recipe and well recommended. 

Blue Ink. 

I remember well, when quite a little boy, I would 
take my mother's indigo and make good blue ink. 

I would therefore recommend it. 

Take one quart of rain water, and dissolve two 
drachms of gum arable, then add Prussian blue until 
sufficiently strong. 



144 MISCELLANEOUS. 



ColoriesS; or Sympathetic Ink. 

Nut gall is an invisible liquid. After writing has 
been made with this liquid, it is invisible, but as soon as 
it is smeared with metallic salt a black writing is seen. 

Invisible Ink. 

Muriatic acid is perfectly invisible, and will be so 
until it is brought to heat. It is the most convenient of 
all other invisible inks, as it needs no other solution than 
a few cents worth of the acid, and a heat of flat iron, or 
stove, lamp chimney, or any thing else will bring out 
the color. 

To Make French Indelible Ink. 

This may be prepared by dissolving Indian ink in 
either a mixture of dilute muriatic acid in water, or a 
very weak solution of caustic potash. If steel pens are 
to be employed in writing ^ith it, the latter fluid is to 
be preferred, but if quill pens are used, the former liquid 
is the best. 

Cements — Russian. 

Russian isinglass, dissolved in pure soft water, snow 
water, if you can get it, is the best. Soak some 12 
hours, then heat it until fully dissolved. Apply to stat- 
uary, china, glass, alabaster, &c., with a feather or soft 
brush, and let it remain until fully dry. Be sure and 
get the genuine Russian isinglass, even if it does cost 



MISCELLANEOUS. 145 



more than the common, and you will have a cement that 
will do you good service. 

Fire and Waterproof. 

Take half a pint each, of vinegar and milk, mix and 
separate the curd, and to the whey add the whites of five 
eggs, beat it well together, adding quick lime until it has 
the consistency of thick paste. Vessels mended with 
this will never break where they were mended. 

Another. 

Apply with a small camels-hair brush carriage-oil 
varnish to the broken edges of the china to be mended, 
and let it stand till fully dry. 

Japanese. 

Take rice flour, mix it well with cold water, and then 
gently boil it until it is pretty thick. This makes a 
beautiful white cement, and is, when dry, almost trans- 
parent. Papers pasted with this will sooner separate in 
their own substance than in the joining; hence this is 
very desirable for pasting together articles that require 
successive layers to be cemented together. 

Sealing for Mouths of Bottles. 

Take four ounces of sealing-wax, the same quantity 
of rosin, and two ounces of beeswax; melt them all 
together, and when it froths stir it with a tallow candle. 



146 MISCELLANEOUS- 



As soon as it melts, dip in the mouths of the bottles to 
be sealed, and which should have been previously corked. 
This will exclude the air perfectly, and makes a good 
article for the purpose. 

Aquarium. 

Beat together three gills of litharge, three gills of 
plaster of Paris, three gills of dry white sand, one gill of 
finely pulverized rosin. For a greater or less quantity, 
take these articles in the same proportion. Sift, and 
keep corked tight until required for use, when it is to be 
made into a putty by mixing it with boiled linseed oil, 
adding a little patent dryer. It must be used as soon 
as it is mixed, for it will only keep good ten or fifteen 
hours. This makes a perfectly reliable cement — one 
that does not injure plants or fishes, and one that will 
hold equally good on wood, glass, stone or metal. By 
its use an aquarium can be readily and surely con- 
structed, and can be used at once, although it is best to 
let it dry several hours. 



Thicken the white of an egg with finely powdered 
quick-lime. This will not resist moisture, but may be 
used to mend vessels that are intended to hold dry 
articles only. 

Cutlers. 

For fastening knives and forks : Melt together one 
pound of colophony and eight ounces of sulphur; this 



MISCELLANEOUS. 147 



may afterward be reduced to a powder. To use, mix 
one part of the powder w^ith half a part of fine sand, or 
brick dust, and fill the cavity of the handle with this 
mixture ; then heat the stem of the knife, or fork to be 
mended, put it into its place, and when cold it will be 
found to be very tenaciously fixed. 

Another good cement for this purpose may be made, 
as follows : 

Black rosin 8 oz. 

Beeswax 2 " 

Brickdust 2 " 

To be melted, well mixed, and used as before. 

Stick Cement. 

Dissolve one ounce common salt in one quart of 
water, bring to a boil and put in one and one-fourth pounds 
gum shellac ; as soon as it is dissolved pour into cold 
and work like wax, moulding it in small sticks. To use, 
heat and apply to the articles to be mended. This is 
especially valuable for mending earthenware. 

Leather. 

Gutta-purcha 4 lbs. 

India rubber 2 oz. 

Pitch , 2 " 

Shellac ...1 " 

Linseed oil 2 " 

Melt together these articles and always apply warm. 
It makes a strong and adhesive mixture to mend boots 



148 MISCELLANEOUS. 



and shoes and for uniting articles of clothing. It has 
no equal. 

Roofing and Chimney. 

To one pint dry sand, ashes two pints, add dried and 
pulverized clay three pints ; grind up fine, and work into 
a paste with linseed oil. Apply when' soft to the leaks 
around your chimney and roof, and when hard you will 
find your roof water-proof. 

Ren^arks. 

All articles to be cemented, in order to hold well, 
inust be well cleansed from every particle of dirt that 
may be in the cracks or seams. Leather, wood, and 
some other materials must always be scraped and then 
washed ; then if your cement is properly made and not 
applied too thick — this is the secret — put it on thin, 
you will have success. 

Glues — Spaulding's. 

Soak in cold water all the glue you wish to make at 
one time, using only glass, earthen or porcelain dishes. 
Then by gentle heat dissolve the glue in the water in 
which it was soaked, and pour in nitric acid just enough 
to give the glue a sour taste. The proportions are, one 
ounce of nitric acid to one pound of glue. 

Liquid. 

Fill a bottle over half full with the best glue you can 
get, then fill up altogether with common whisky— cork 



MISCELLANEOUS. 149 



tightly and let it stand for a week, when it will be fit 

for use. If kept where it will not be too cold, it will 

always be fit for use, and will keep for a number of 

years. 

No. 2. 

Gum arabic 2 oz. 

Boiling water 1 pint 

Dissolve and add spirits 10 oz. 

To keep from moulding put a few cloves into the 

bottle. 

Bank Bill Paste. 

For mending bank bills, &c., take pure glue, galla- 
tine is best, one pound ; brown sugar as coarse as you 
can get it, one-fourth of a pound, put into as little boil- 
ing water as will cover them ; then dissolve with the 
aid of heat, and when perfectly liquid, remove and pour 
upon the surface that has been oiled a little, so that it 
will not adhere. It can be cut into sticks, when cold 
and carried in the pocket, requiring only to be wetted 
by the lips, before being used. 

Mucilages and Pastes — Common. 

Take ten cents worth of the best gum arabic, put it 
in a gill of vinegar, and after it is fully dissolved you 
will have as good an article of this kind as the best. 

Glue. 

' To eight ounces of fine glue, add five ounces of gum 
arabic and on^ pint of water. Melt in a glue kettle in 



150 MISCELLANEOUS. 



the usual manner, after which add slowly five ounces of 
nitric acid, and set away to cool. When bottling, if a 
few cloves are added, it will be kept from moulding. 

Pastes— Scrap Book. 

Take best laundry starch, put into a clean dish, put 
on enough soft water to wet it, then stir smoothly. 
Slowly pour on boiling water, and stir until you have a 
jelly-like mass. You can use this as soon as cool. For 
many uses this is preferable to mucilage, and is cheaply 
and easily made. 

Rosin. 

Dissolve one tablespoonful of alum in a quart of 
warm water. As soon as it is cool stir in a teaspoonful 
of rosin, and as much flour as will give it the consistency 
of gravy. Be careful to break up all the lumps. Now 
add a teacup of boiling water, stirring it all the while. 
It will soon be quite thick. Cover it up well and set in 
a tight place. When you wish to use, take out a portion 
and soften with warm water. This makes an excellent 
smooth paste and gives good satisfaction. 

Label Klucilage. 

Soak five ounces of good glue in twenty ounces of 
water, for a day or longer if necessary. Add to this 
mixture nine ounces of rock-candy and three ounces of 
gum arable. Spread upon your paper labels while it is 
yet lukewarm. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 151 



When you wish to use, moisten well and it will 
adhere firmly to the bottles or jars. 

Paints— General Remarks. 

The following recipes are intended to be so complete 
that by their use the painter's occupation will be super- 
ceded. Painting, in order to be well done, must be done 
by skillful persons who have devoted time and practice 
to its mastery. It is just as much a trade as the carpen- 
ter's or blacksmith's, but any person of ordinary skill 
can, by the use of these recipes, do many a job satis- 
factorily. 

Fire Proof. 

Put a quantity of stone lime in a tub to slake, cover- 
ing so as to keep in the steam. As soon as it is slaked, 
sift it through a fine seive. To every six quarts of it, 
add one quart of rock salt, and water one gallon. Now 
boil and skim thoroughly. To each five gallons of this 
add pulverized alum one pound, pulverized copperas one- 
half pound, and slowly add powdered potash three-quar- 
ters of a pound, and fine sand or hickory ashes four 
pounds. 

It is to be applied with a brush, and will, when dry, 
make a hard, durable paint, stopping leaks in roofs, 
seams in walls, and make them incombustible. By add- 
ing yellow ochre or Venetian red, different colors can be 
produced. 



152 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Whiting. 

Of the best whiting take five pounds, skimmed milk 
two quarts, fresh slaked lime two ounces. Put the lime 
in a stoneware vessel, pour upon it a sufficient quantity 
of the milk to make a mixture resembling cream. The 
balance of the milk is then to be added, and lastly the 
whiting is then to be crumbled upon the surface of the 
fluid, in which it gradually sinks. 

Be sure and stir it well, so that it will work up well 
and smooth like the above. Difi'erent tints can be pro- 
duced by adding coloring matter to suit one's tastes. It 
must be borne in mind that, although these are cheap 
paints, you must in order to produce good effects, apply 
it well, and give it two or three coats, as you would Avere 
you using oil paints. 

Waterproof. 

First, take ochre ninety-six parts, lampblack sixteen 
parts, boiled oil enough to mix, then add yellow soap two 
parts, dissolved in eight parts of water. After thor- 
oughly mixing, apply two coats at intervals of two days, 
by using a common paint brush. Lastly, finish it up by 
giving it another coat of a mixture formed of boiled oil 
and lampblack, of the consistency of a thick varnish. 
Although more expensive than the others, it is an excel- 
lent paint. 

Dr. Parry's Black. 

Powdered charcoal, a sufficient quantity of litharge 
as a dryer, to be rubbed smooth with linseed oil. Mix, 
and when used, thin with well boiled linseed oil. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 153 



Dr. Parry's Green. 

To the above add yellovr ochre, and you can produce 
an excellent green that will last for a number of years. 

Cheap. 

Slake a bushel of. good, strong, white lime ; after 
sifting, make into a w^hitewash, by using forty gallons of 
water. Now add seventeen pounds of rock salt, and 
twelve pounds of brown sugar, stirring the whole 
together thoroughly, and it is ready for use. You 
must put on two or three coats in order to make it look 
w^ell and lasting. 

If you wish to produce fawn color, add four pounds 
of umber, and one pound of Indian red, and one pound 
of lampblack. 

A stone color can be produced by adding four pounds 
of raw umber, and two pounds of lampblack. It is 
always better to mix these colors in oil before adding, 
so that they will work up nice and smoothly. 

Petroleum. 

The crude petroleum, applied to old buildings and 
fences, in liberal quantities, gives very satisfactory re- 
sults, as it fills up the pores, and thus . preserves the 
wood. 

Milk 

and Venetian red, mixed together, makes a cheap and 
lasting paint, for those that like the color, while milk 



154 MISCELLANEOUS. 



and water-lime, well mixed and evenly applied, pro- 
duce a cheap paint, and one that is as good as some that 
are more costly. 

Ink— Black Copying. 

Rain-water, half gallon; gum arabic, one ounce; 
brown sugar, one ounce ; clean 'Copperas, half ounce ; 
powdered brown nutgalls, three ounces. Bruise all and 
mix thoroughly. Let it stand for ten days, shaking 
occasionally ; then strain. This makes an ink that can 
be depended on for years, and is therefore valuable for 
records. 

Black Japan. 

Boil four ounces of logwood, chipped very thin and 
cut across the grain, in six quarts of water ; boil about 
an hour, adding enough boiling water from time to time 
to keep up about the same quantity you had before the 
boiling commenced. Strain the liquor while hot. When 
it is cool add enough cold water to make it equal five 
quarts. Now add one pound of blue galls, coarsely 
bruised, four ounces sulphate of iron calcined to white- 
ness, half ounce of acetate of copper, three ounces coarse 
sugar, and six ounces gum arabic. This composition 
produces the ink usually called Japan, since it exhibits 
a high gloss when it is used. 

Parchment. 

Galls, one pound; gum, six ounces; alum two ounces; 
copperas, seven ounces; kine, three ounces; logwood, 



MISCELLANEOUS. 155 



four ounces; water, eight pounds. As its name indi- 
cates, it is very useful to write on parchment. 

Hainle's Black. 

Two ounces of crushed gall-nuts, one ounce gum 
arabic, one ounce copperas, and one pound rain-water, 
adding a few grains of mercurial sublimate to prevent 
moulding. It is said that this ink will not corrode steel 
pens. 

Cheap Black. 

Prussiate of potash ....1 dr. 

Bichromate of potash 1 " 

Extract of logwood 1 oz. 

Water 1 gal. 

Mix altogether and shake it well. As soon as it is 
dissolved it is fit for use. 



Purple. 

Boil one ounce of ground logwood in one-half pint 
of soft water, and one-half ounce pulverized alum ; after 
boiling twenty minutes strain and it is ready for use. 
By bottling and keeping the air out, it will last a long 
time. 

Violet 

One part of logwood to eight parts of water; boil 
down to one half, then strain and add one part chloride 
of tin. 



156 ' MISCELLANEOUS, 



Blue. 

Take soft Prussian blue and oxalic acid in equal 
parts, powder them finely, and then add soft water to 
bring it to a thin paste ; let it stand for a few days then 
add soft water to make the desired shade of color. To 
prevent spreading, add a little gum arable. 

Red Rulsng. 

Take an ounce vial and put into it a teaspoonful of 
aqua ammonia, gum arable of the size of two peas, six 
grains of No. 40 carmine ; fill up the vial with soft water, 
and it is ready for use. This makes a superior ruling 
ink, making a fine smooth line and very bright. 

Dyeir^g Red. 

To dye cotton a light red, boil in an iron kettle, one 
pound of camwood. This will color three pounds of 
cotton cloth. The cloth is to be cooked for about two 
hours in this solution. 

Red Woolen. 

Two pounds of alum to half pound of red tartar. 
Boil the goods in this one hour. This will dye ten 
pounds of woolen goods, .but if you have more goods, 
you must boil it longer. Then boil up four and a half 
pounds of peachwood in clean water, cool down to a 
scald, then put in No. 1 tin liquor, then put in the 
goods and leave them in until dark enough, then the 



MISCELLANEOUS. 157 



goods may be taken out once or twice, and aired a little, 
but not washed until they have been dyed. 

Black Cotton. 

Sumac, wood and bark together, three pounds. Boil 
half an hour, and let the goods boil eight hours. Then 
dip them in lime-water, and let them remain half an 
hour. Then take out the goods, and let them drip out 
an hour. Now add to the sumac liquor, copperas eight 
ounces, and dip an hour ; then run them through the 
lime-water again for fifteen minutes. Now take a new 
dye with logwood, two and a half pounds, by boiling 
one hour and drip again three hours. Now add 
bichromate of potash two ounces to the logwood, dye 
and drip one hour. Then wash in clear, cold water, 
and dry in the shade. You say this is doing too much, 
but you cannot get a permanent black on cotton with 
less labor. At least Chase says so, and I have never 
known him to fail. 

Bright Blue. 

Three pounds of cotton cloth may be colored by this 
recipe : 

Blue vitriol, four ounces ; boil the goods a few min- 
utes, then dip the goods in for three hours, after which, 
pass them through strong lime-water. 

Or, Brown. 

If you wish a brown color instead of a blue, you can 
dip the goods in a solution of prussiate of potash instead 
of lime-water. 



158 MISCELLANEOUS, 



Yellow on Wool. 

For ten pounds of wool, bring a kettle of water to a 
scald or to one hundred and eighty degrees of heat, put 
in four pounds quer citron bark. This should not get 
any above one hundred and eighty degrees, as that will 
bring out the tanning and dull the yellow. One pound 
of alum, six ounces of cream of tartar, nearly one-half 
pint of tin liquors. Stir up the liquors well. Allow it 
to settle fifteen minutes. The goods keep in until dark 
enough. 

Orange on Wool. 

First, dye the pattern to a full yellow, then take a 
clean kettle of water, when a little warm, put in for ten 
pounds of goods, two pounds madder peachwood mun- 
jeet or, hypernick munjeet does very well. Put in 
your goods, keep them well handled, bring the goods to 
a boil, let boil until dark enough, wash and finish. 

Coloring Thread Black. 

First, take the tnread and boil it in sumac and water, 
then let it be immersed in lime-water, cold; then in 
weak copperas-water, cold ; then again in lime-water, 
cold; then in logwood liquor, warm. Take out, put 
some copperas liquor into your logwood liquor again, put 
in your goods, handle and finish. 

This is from J. Marquart. 



MIS CELLANEOUS, 159 



Blue for Wool. 

For two pounds of goods : 

Alum 5 oz. 

Cream of tartar 3 " 

Boil the goods in this for one hour, then throw the 
goods into warm water which has more or less of the 
extract of indigo in it, according to the depth of color 
desired, and boil again until it suits, adding more of the 
blue if needed. It is quick and permanent. 

Blue Dye — Aniline. 

To one hundred pounds of fabric dissolve one and a 
quarter pounds of aniline blue in three quarts of hot 
alcohol. Strain through a filter, add it to a bath of 130^ 
Fahr. Also ten pounds of glauber salts, and five pounds 
of acetic acid. Put in the goods and handle them well 
for twenty minutes, then heat it slowly to 200^ Fahr., 
then add five pounds of sulphuric acid diluted with water. 
Let the whole boil twenty minutes longer, then rinse and 
dry them. If you add the aniline in two or three pro- 
portions during the process of coloring, it will facilitate 
the evenness of the color. You can have any shade of 
blue by using difi'erent kinds of aniline. 

Blue— Chromo. 

Boil one hundred pounds of wool for one hour in a 
solution of three pounds of bichromate of potash, six 
pounds of alum, one pound of half refined tartar ; then 



160 MISCELLANEOUS, 



take it out, cool and rinse. Boil six pounds of good log- 
wood in a bag for half an hour in fresh water, and add 
three pounds of cudbear, well moistened and dissolved. 
Cool the. dye to 180^ Fahr., enter the prepared wool, 
handle for three-quarters of an hour, bring to a boil. 

Blue Dye — Dark. 

For broadcloth in the wool. This is colored in a 
healthy wood vat. The first dip is handled well, and 
boiled slow for one hour in the net. Then taken out, 
aired, and the vat stirred again, in two hours it can be 
dipped again for half an hour, and so often taken 
through until it has acquired the right shade. The vat 
ought to be strong enough^ in indigo to color it dark 
enough in three dips. About ten pounds of good in- 
digo is reckoned to one hundred pounds of wool. Clear 
indigo blue does not require anything more, but if taken 
through a warm bath, containing two pounds of blue 
vitriol, the color stands better in fulling, and is faster ; 
after which it is rinsed, SAvitched and dried. The dark 
blue, generally found in the market, is topped with fif- 
teen pounds of camwood, or twenty pounds of red 
Sanders. The latter are boiled on the colored wood, as 
the indigo required for such dark colors would make it 
very expensive. 

Blue Dye. 

Indigo for cloth, (part logwood) one hundred pounds 
of cloth. First color the cloth by one or more dips in 



MISCELLANEOUS, 161 



the vat of indigo blue, and rinse it well ; then boil in 
a solution of two pounds half refined tartar, five pounds 
of mordanta, twenty pounds of alum, for two hours. 
Then take it and cool. In fresh water boil ten pounds 
of good logwood, for half an hour in a bag or other- 
wise. Cool the kettle to 170° Fahr. before entering ; 
handle well over a reel, let it boil for half an hour ; 
then take it out, cool and rinse. This is a fine blue, but 
not so permanent. 

Blue Purple— Fast Color. 

Dip one hundred pounds of wool into the blue vat 
first, to a light shade, then boil in a solution of fifteen 
pounds of alum and three pounds of half refined tartar 
for an hour and a half; take the wool out, cool and let 
stand twenty-four hours; now boil in eight pounds of 
powdered cochineal for a few minutes ; cool the kettle to 
170° Fahr. ; handle the prepared wool in this for one 
hour, in which time let it boil for three-quarters of an 
hour ; when it is ready to cool, rinse and dry. By coloring 
first with cochineal, as above stated, and finishing in the 
blue vat, the fast purple or dahlia so much admired in 
the German broadcloths will be produced. Use no tin 
acids in this color. 

Blue and Purple Dye — For Stocking Yarn. 

' For five pounds of wool take bichromate of potash, 
one ounce; alum, two ounces; dissolve them, and bring 



162 MISCELLANEOUS. 



the water to a boil ; put in the wool and boil one hour ; 
then throw away the dye and make another dye with 
logwood chips, one pound, or extract of logwood, two and 
a half ounces, and boil one hour. When you make a 
dye of logwood chips, either boil the chips half an hour 
and pour ofif the dye, or tie up the chips in a bag and 
boil with the wool or other goods ; or take two and a half 
ounces of the extract in place of one pound of the chips, 
is less trouble and generally the better plan. In recipe, 
the more logwood the darker will be the shade. 

Brown Dye for WooK 

1st. Make a mordant by dissolving alum and common 
salt in water ; boil the cloth in it, then dye it in a bath 
of logwood to which a little green copperas has been 
added. Make the proportion two ounces of alum to one 
ounce of salt for every pound of cloth, 

2d. Boil the goods in a mordant of alum and sulphate 
of iron, then rinse them through a bath of madder. The 
tint depends on the relative proportions of the alum and 
copperas — the more of the latter the darker will be the 
dye. The joint weight of the two should not exceed 
the one-eighth of the weight of the wool. The propor- 
tions are two parts of alum and three of copperas. 

3d. Give the wool a mordant of alum and tartar, then 
pass it through a madder bath which will dye red. Now 
run it through a black bath of galls and sumac, or log- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 163 



wood, to which a little acetate or sulphate of iron has 
been added. 

4th. Proceed to mordant the cloth and dye in a 
madder bath, then remove it and add a little acetate and 
sulphate of iron, and again pass it through the bath 
until the required tint is obtained. 

5th. Give the cloth a light blue ground with indigo, 
then give it a mordant with alum, wash in water and 
run it through a bath of madder. 

Brown Dye — Direct. 

Make a strong decoction of oak bark. The shades 
will vary according to the quantity employed. You will 
brighten the color very much by passing it through a 
mordant of alum. 

An infusion or decoction of walnut peels is very 
good for dyeing wool and silk a fine brown. First, 
brighten it by passing through a mordant of alum. The 
older the liquor the better. 

Cheap Brown Dye. 

The following is highly recommended, and can easily 
be obtained from the forests : Boil the bark of the com- 
mon alder for an hour, with sufficient water to cover the 
goods, add a very little copperas, and put in the articles 
to be colored and let them remain for ten minutes ; 
have a weak lye prepared in which you can dip them 
immediately after wringing them out of the former 



164 MISCELLANEOUS. 



solution, then wring them immediately after dipping 
them and wash with soap and warm water. 

To Remove Stains from Broadcloth. 

Mix an ounce of fine ground pipe-clay with twelve 
drops of alcohol, and the same quantity of spirits of 
turpentine. Moisten a little of this mixture with alcohol 
and rub it on the spots. Let it remain until it is dry, 
then rub off with a woolen cloth, and the spots will 
disappear. 

Cloth— To Raise the Nap On. 

Soak the cloth in cold water for three-fourths of an 
hour, then put on a table board and rub the parts that are 
threadbare with an old hatter's card, filled with flocks, 
or with a prickly thistle, until you raise a nap. Let it 
dry in the air, and with a stiff brush lay the nap the 
right way. 

To Extract Grease from Cloth. 

Take about one-half peck of lime, add sufficient 
water to dissolve it, and so that it will leave about one 
gallon of clear water after it has been thoroughly stirred 
and settled, let it stand about two hours, and then pour 
off the clear liquid into another vessel. Add to it three 
ounces of peariash for every gallon of the liquid. Stir 
it thoroughly, and after it has settled, bottle for use. 
Dilute this liquor with water to suit the strength or 



MISCELLAJs^EOUS. 165 



delicacy of the color of the cloth. Apply T\'ith a coarse 
sponge, rub out the grease, and wash it with clear w^ater 
afterwards. 

Dark Drab Dye. 

For woolen yarn take one-quarter pound green tea, 
boil it in two quarts of water. After the strength is out 
add one-half teaspoonful of copperas. Put in the yarn 
while the solution is warm. 

Crimson Dye. 

Take cochineal 2 oz. 

Wheat bran 12 " 

Cream of tartar 2 " 

Pearlash (or soda) 8 dr. 

Sal ammoniac 4 " 

Add eight gallons of soft water in a brass kettle. 
After it is scalded add the cream tartar and alum. Let 
it boil, and put in the cloth for an hour, stirring occa- 
sionally. Take out the cloth, rinse in cool water, and 
air it. Empty the kettle and put in the same amount 
of w^ater it contained before, add the bran, tied in a bag. 
The scum will raise as it boils, which remove as it rises. 
Then take out the bag and add the cochineal. Put in 
the cloth, and boil and stir for an hour, rinse the cloth in 
cold water, then pour out the water and pour in as much 
clean as before, warm it, add the sal ammoniac, put in the 
cloth for five minutes, stir and then drain. Now add 
the pearlash, and mix it. Put in the cloth again, and 



166 MISCELLANEOUS. 



stir for ten minutes. Take out the cloth, air and rinse. 
This will give a permanent and beautiful color. 

Drab Dye— Silver, (light). 

For fifteen pounds of goods, take logwood three tea- 
spoonfuls, alum three teaspoonfuls. Boil them thor- 
oughly together, dip in the goods for an hour. The 
goods can be made of a darker shade by adding equal 
quantities of alum and logAvood. 

Coat Collars— (to Clean). 

The following is highly recommended for cleaning 
coat collars and all woolen goods : Take soap tree bark 
(you can get it any drug store), a piece about two inches 
square, break it into small bits, and pour over it a half 
pint of boiling water. Let it stand several hours, then 
sponge the collar thoroughly with the liquor. After this, 
sponge it with clear water, and it will clean it thoroughly. 
Have both the washing and rinsing water as the flannel. 
For cleaning gray coat collars, this is one of the b^st 
articles out. 

Green Dye — (for Woolen Goods.) 

Steep the goods thoroughly in soap suds so as to clean 
them well, after which rinse several times in clean water, 
and lay them aside moist. Make a solution by dissolv- 
ing alum in the package marked alum to mordant green 
on woolen, in a clean brass or copper kettle. Steep the 



MISCELLANEOUS. 167 



cloth in the bath for an hour or longer, using sufficient 
clean water to work the goods easily. After steeping or 
mordanting, take the goods from the bath, drain or wring 
thoroughly and lay aside moist. 

Green— Dye (for Silk). 

Boil green ebony in water, let it settle ; take the 
clean liquor as warm as you can bear your hands in it; 
handle the goods in it until it becomes of a bright yel- 
low color; then make a solution of water, and a little 
sulphate of indigo. Handle the goods in it until the 
required shade. 

Madder Red Dye— (for Wool). 

For five pounds of goods : 

Cream of tartar 5 oz. 

Alum 25 " 

Put in a kettle with water, also put in the goods ; 
boil for half an hour ; then air and boil half an hour 
longer. Now empty your kettle and put in five pecks 
of bran. Make milk warm, and let it stand until the 
bran rises, then skim off the bran and add madder one- 
half pound ; put in the goods, heat slowly until it boils, 
and it is done. Wash them in strong soap suds. 

Orange Dye— (for Cotton). 

For ten pounds of goods : 

Tal^e sugar of lead eight ounces, boil a few minutes. 
After it gets a little cool put in the goods, dip two hours 



168 MISCELLANEOUS. 



and wring out; make a new dye with bichromate of 
potash, sixteen ounces, madder, four ounces. Dip until 
it has the required shade. If it should be too red, take 
oiT a small sample, and dip it into lime-water, and you 
can then decide which you prefer. 

Orange Dye — (for Wool). 

For ten pounds of goods : 

Argal eight ounces, muriate of tin twelve table- 
spoonfuls. Boil and dip one hour; then add to the. 
dye two teacupfuls madder, and dip again one-half an 
hour. By adding cochineal instead of madder, you get 
a much brighter shade. This you can add in small 
quantities to suit your taste. 

Pink Dye— (for Cotton), 

For eight pounds of goods : 

Solution of tin eight ounces, redwood four pounds. 
Boil the wood one hour, turn oflF into a tub, then add the 
tin, and put in the cloth. Let it stand five or ten min- 
utes and a bright color will appear. 

Pink Dye — (for Wool). 

Alum, six ounces ; boil the goods and dip one hour, 
then add to the dye, cream of tartar, eight ounces ; also 
cochineal well pulverized, two ounces ; boil them well, 
and dip the goods while boiling until you obtain the 
desired color. This will color six pounds of goo'ds. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 169 



Purple Dye — (for Wool). 

Alum 12 oz. 

Cochineal 4 " 

Cream of tartar 8 '' 

Muriate of tin 1 teacupful 

Boil the cream of tartar, alum and tin for fifteen 
minutes, and add the cochineal and boil five minutes; 
dip the goods two hours, then make a new dye, as fol- 
lows : 

LogAvood ^... 28 oz. 

Alum 8 " 

Brazil wood 12 " 

Muriate of tin 2 teacupfuls, 

with a little chemic. Work it until it has the desired 
color. 

Red Dye— (for Cotton). 

Take muriate of tin, one and one-third teacupfuls ; 
add sufficient water to cover the goods well ; heat it to 
boiling ; put in the goods, and empty the kettle ; put in 
clean w^ater with nic-wood, two pounds ; steep for half an 
hour at hand heat. 

Red Dye— (for Wool). 

Make a stiff paste of lac dye and sulphuric acid, and 
allow it to stand for a day ; take two pounds of tartar, 
one and one-third pounds of salts of tin, and one and 
one-half pounds of the paste above mentioned. Boil the 



170 MISCELLANEOUS, 



wool in the bath three-fourths of an hour, after which 
rinse and dry carefully. 

Scarlet Lac Dye— (for Wool)- 

For one hundred pounds of flannel or wool yarn: 

Tartar 5 lb. 

Flavin 1 " 

Tin crystals 1 " 

Muriatic acid 1 " 

Ground lac dye 25 " 

Spirit 15 " 

Boil all together for fifteen minntes, then cool the 
dye to 170° Fahr. ; enter th^ goods and handle them 
quickly at first; let them boil an hour; rinse them while 
yet hot, before the gum and impurities harden. A small 
quantity of sulphuric acid may be used with this color to 
dissolve the gum. Regulate the quantity of lac dye by 
the quality. 



Scarlet Dye— (for Wool). 

For 100 pounds of goods . 

Tin crystals ., 1 lb. 

Flavine IJ " 

Scarlet spirit : 10 " 

Ground Honduras cochineal ....11 '' 

Half-refined tartar 5 *' 

Tartaric acid 3 " 

Oxalic acid 2 " 



MISCELLANEOUS. 171 



Scarlet spirit is prepared, as follows : 

Take sixteen pounds muriatic acid 22° B,, feathered 
tin one pound, water tw^o pounds ; put the acid in a stone- 
ware pot, add the tin and allow it to dissolve. Keep 
the mixture a few days before using. 

Slate Dye — (for Cotton or Woolen). 

Boil the bark in an iron kettle ; after it has boiled 
sufficiently, skim out the chips, then add copperas to 
set the dye ; add more copperas if you wish it darker. 

To make a slate, add about a teacupful of logwood 
liquor to a pan of warm water, make pretty strong, add 
a piece of pearlash the size of a nut ; take grey colored 
goods and handle in this liquor a little, and it is 
finished. 

Wine Colored Dye— (for Wool). 

For ten pounds of goods, take camwood four pounds, 
boil fifteen minutes and dip the goods one-half an hour, 
then darken with blue vitriol three ounces ; if it is not 
dark enough add one-half ounce of copperas. 

Yellow Dye— (for Cotton). 

1st. Steep the cloth or goods in soap-suds to cleanse 
them, then rinse several different messes of clean water 
and lay aside moist. 

2d. Put the amount of clean warm water deemed 
necessary to work the goods easily, into a clean brass, cop- 
per or wooden vessel, then add of acetate lead (previously 



172 MISCELLANEOUS, 



dissolved in a little hot water, in a basin), and stir with 
a wooden stick until it is well mixed ; after this put in 
the goods, let them remain in the fluid thirty minutes, or 
longer, stirring frequently. 

3d. Now put the amount of clean warm water 
required to work the goods easily into another clean 
earthen or metallic vessel, then add the bi chromate of 
potash, (previously dissolved in a little hot water, in a 
brass or iron kettle,) stir with a clean wooden stick till 
it is well mixed, then wring out the goods evenly from 
the acetate of lead bath, and work them in this bichro- 
mate of potash bath fifteen minutes or more, then wring 
out, rinse in several different messes of clean water and 
dry. Repeat the dipping in the different baths in the 
order above indicated, until the colors are even and 
satisfactory. One pound of cotton goods require about 
four gallons of water to w^ork it easily. Larger quanti- 
ties do not require so much in proportion. From 
Youman. 

Washing Fluid. 

Water 1 gal. 

Unslaked lime J lb. 

Sal soda 1 " 

Put into the water and boil twenty minates, let it 
stand until cool, then drain off and put into a strong jar 
or jug ; soak your dirty clothes thoroughly, then wring 
them out and rub on plenty of soap, and in one boiler 
of clothes, well covered with water, add one teacupful of 



MISCELLANEOUS. 173 



washing fluid, boil briskly for half an hour, after which 
wash well through one suds, rinse, and your clothes will 
look better than they did before you washed them. 

Another. 

Gum camphor. 2 oz. 

Alcohol 1 pt. 



Sal soda J lb. 

Borax J lb. 

Dissolve the borax and sal soda in two gallons of cold 
rain w^ater. Add the camphor, first dissolved in the 
alcohol. Stir thoroughly and bottle for use. Mix four 
tablespoonfuls of the preparation with a pint of soft 
soap and boil the clothes in this suds. If you soak the 
clothes over night before putting them into the suds, it 
is all the better. 

Another. 

Dissolve one-half pound of borax, two and one-half 
pounds of washing soda, in two gallons of water by boil- 
ing. When it is cold add about one teaspoonful of 
water of ammonia (hartshorn), and bottle so as to 
exclude the air. Use a teacupful to a pailful of water. 

Hams — To Cure. 

For a ham of twelve pounds, take — 

Bay salt J lb. 

Coarse sugar J " 

Common salt 2 " 

Saltpetre > 2 oz . 



174 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Reduce to a very fine powder, rub the hams thor- 
oughly with it; then place them in a deep pan, adding 
a wine glassful of good vinegar. Rub them wxU every 
day with brine for three or four days, after which you 
can pour the brine over them with a spoon. Allow them 
to remain in the pickle for three weeks. After the ham 
is smoked, either case it with canvas to protect it against 
insects, or use pyroligneous acid. Apply with a brush, 
taking care to insinuate well into the cracks of the under 
surface. This will protect them thoroughly. 

Hams— (Smoked) to Keep. 

Put the ham into a sack. made of coarse cotton CxOth 
for the purpose, fill it out with chopped hay all around 
the ham about two inches thick. The hay prevents the 
grease from coming in contact with the sack and keeps 
off all insects ; hang it in the smoke-house or some other 
dry place and they will keep for a long time. 

Hams— To Cure. 

Saltpetre...... 1 oz. 

Sugar IJ lbs. 

Coarse salt .3J "- 

Water 2 gallons 

Boil together, let it cool, put on for fifty pounds of 
meat ; keep the meat in the pickle for eight weeks. To 
a cask of, say from twenty -five to thirty hams, after they 
are closely packed, sprinkle slightly with salt ; let them 



MISCELLANEOUS. 175 



remain thus for several days, then cover them with brine, 
making it strong enough to bear an egg or potato ; now 
add a gallon of molasses, and one-half pound saltpetre, 
and let them lie in the brine for six w^eeks, w^hen they 
are all right, take them out and let them drain, and 
while yet damp rub the flesh side and end of the leg 
with pulverized red, black, or cayenne pepper ; make it 
as fine as dust, and dust every part of the flesh side, 
after which hang up and smoke. Let them hang in the 
smoke-house, or some other cool place, for the insects 
will not disturb them. 

Hams — (Mutton) to Pickle for Drying. 

Put the hams into a weak brine for several days 
(say two) then pour off and apply the following : 

For every five pounds, 

Take water 3 gallons 

Molasses ......^ J pint 

Salt 3 pounds 

Saltpetre J oz. 

Salaratus > 1 " 

Let it remain from two to three weeks; this will 
cover them if closely packed. 

Scouring. 

To take stains out of silver plate : Steep the plate in 
soap lye for four hours, then cover it over with whiting, 
wet it with vinegar so that it may stick thick upon iv, 



176 MISCELLANEOUS. 



then dry it by a fire ; then rub off the whiting and pass 
it over with dry bran, and the spots will disappear, and 
the plate will have an excellent bright appearance. 

Eggs— To Preserve for Winter Use. 

In one and one-half gallons of water, put one-half 
pint of fresh slaked lime, and three-fourths of a pint of 
common salt. Mix thoroughly, and let the barrel be 
about half full of this fluid. Let down your fresh eggs 
into it with a dish ; tip the dish after it fills, so that they 
roll out without cracking the shell ; for, if the shell is 
cracked, the egg will spoil. Be sure you put in fresh 
eggs. Lay a piece of board across the top of the eggs, 
and keep a little lime and salt upon it, so that the fluid 
will be as strong at the top as at the bottom. Keep 
them covered with brine. In this way eggs have been 
kept for several years. 

Eggs— To Preserve. 

Make a solution of gum arable ; apply it to the eggs 
with a brush, or immerse the egg in the solution. Let 
them dry, and then pack them in dry charcoal dust. 
This prevents their being aff'ected by any changes of 
temperature. 

Another. 

Cream of tartar J lb. 

Salt 1 " 

Quick lime J bush. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 177 

Mix in a tub, or other vessel ; add water to reduce it 
to the consistency to float an egg. Put in the eggs, keep 
them there, and they will be all right for two years at 
least. 

Pickling Fruits — Apples. 

Sugar 2 lbs. 

Best vinegar J gal. 

Put in as many apples as it will cover handsomely ; 
add ground cloves and cinnamon, a tablespoonful of each. 
Pare and core the apples, tie up the cloves and cinnamon 
in a cloth, and put with the apples, into the vinegar and 
sugar, and only until done. Keep them in jars ; they 
will keep a long time, and they are better and more 
healthy than preserves. 

Pickling Peaches. 

Sugar 2 lbs. 

Best vinegar 1 pint 

Peaches, stoned and peeled 4 lbs. 

Spice to your taste, or the same as for apples. 
Should they begin to ferment boil down the juice, then 
boil the peaches in it for a few minutes. 

Pickling Plums. 

Sugar 0..2 lbs. 

Best vinegar J pint. 

Plums 4 lbs. 



178 MISCELLANEOUS. 

. Boil them in the mixture until soft. Take out the 
plums and boil the syrup until it is quite thick, and pour 
it over them again. Spice according to taste. 

Pickled Cucumbers— Green. 

Put one pint of rock salt into a pail of boiling water, 
pour it over the cucumbers, then cover it tight to keep 
in the steam, let them remain a night and part of a day. 
Make another brine same as above, and put in the 
cucumbers the same length of time. Scald and skim 
the brine and use it for the third brine, and let them 
remain in it as above. Now rinse and wipe them dry ; 
add boiling hot vinegar, throw into every pail of pickles 
a piece of alum as large as a nut, and you will have fine 
green pickles. Add spices according to taste and keep 
the pickles under vinegar. Put a stone on the cover to 
keep the pickles under, and it has a tendency to collect 
the scum that may rise. 

To Pickle Onions. 

Gather the onions when quite ripe and dry, take off 
the thin outside skin with the fingers, and with a knife 
take off one more skin, and the onion will look quite 
clear. 

Have on hand some dry bottles or jars. As fast as 
the onions are peeled put them in. Pour over them cold 
vinegar sufficient to cover them_; add two teaspoon fuls 
of black pepper and two of allspice, taking special care 



MISCELLANEOUS. 179 



that each jar has its share of the former article. Tie 
them down with bladder, and in two wxeks they will be 
fit for use. They should be eaten within five or seven 
months after being prepared, as they are liable to get 
soft. 

Canning Peaches. 

Pare and halve the peaches. Pack them as close as 
possible, using no sugar. After the can is full pour in 
enough of pure cold water to fill up all the crevices 
between the peacl^es, up to the top. Let it stand so that 
the water will soak down into all the crevices, say seven 
hours. Pour on more water to replace that which has 
sunk. Now seal up the can and your peaches will retain 
all their freshness and flavor. Some use a cold syrup 
instead of water, but the peaches will not retain that 
natural taste as with water. 

Canning Tomatoes. 

Steam them sufiiciently to scald or loosen the skin, 
then pour them on the table, and remove the skin, taking 
care to preserve the tomato as solid as possible. After 
peeling, place them in large pans, with false bottoms, 
perforated with holes, so as to strain oif the liquid that 
flows from them. Pick them carefully from the pans 
into cans, which fill as solidly as possible; that is, put in 
all they will hold. Put them through the usual process, 
and seal hermetically. 



180 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Tomatoes when thus canned present the same appear- 
ance, and have the same fresh taste and flavor when you 
use them, as though they were just plucked from the vine. 

Vinegar— Cider. 

To realize the greatest profit on such apples as are 
made into cider, is to transform the juice into vinegar. 
In order to do this, fill the barrel completely, so that all 
the impurities thrown up by fermenting (^'working'') 
are throw^n ofi* by the bung hole. Complete this process 
before you put the barrel into the cellar. When it is 
done, draw off the purified juice and put it into another 
barrel that has a small amount of old vinegar; this will 
hasten the process amazingly. If you cannot obtain any 
vinegar to start it, it may require six months before it 
will be fit for table use. The longer the better. 

Vinegar — German, 

Boil four quarts of vinegar until reduced to two ; mix 
the vinegar with six times its own quantity of bad vine- 
gar in a small cask. It will mend it. 

Vinegar — Raisin. 

^ Take the pressed raisins left after making raisin wine, 
put them into a heap to heatj to each twenty- eight 
pounds, put two and one-half gallons of water and a 
little yeast. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 181 



Vinegar — Gooseberry. 

Bruise the gooseberries when ripe, and to each quart 
of mashed berries add three quarts of water ; let it stand 
for a day and night, then strain through a canvas bag. 
To every gallon of the juice, add one pound of brown 
sugar, stir them well together before you put into the 
cask ; proceed in other respects as before. This vinegar 
has a very pleasant smell and taste ; but raspberry vine- 
gar, which may be made in the same manner is far 
superior. It is not necessary that the raspberries should 
be of the best sort, but they should be ripe and well 
flavored. 

Vinegar — Coid Water. 

Common molasses 2 gal. 

Good hop yeast 1 " 

Rain water 12 '' 

Put in a cask, set in a warm place and shake it well, 
once a week for several weeks, and you will have excel- 
lent vinegar ; tack a piece of gauze or very thin cloth 
over the bunghole, to keep out dust and insects until the 
vinegar is made ; then put in the bung, and keep it from 
the air, or it will lose its strength. 

Vinegar — Currant. 

Pick the currants from the stalks and proceed in the 
same manner as with gooseberries ; allow it to freeze 
often and take the cake of ice or water from it ; this 
purifies it and leaves it strong. 



182 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Wine — Cherry. 

To make ten pints of this wine, take thirty pounds 
of cherries and four of currants, bruise and mix them 
together. Mix with them two-thirds of the kernels and 
put the whole of the cherries, currants and kernels into 
a barrel, with a quarter pound of sugar to every pint of 
juice. The barrel should be quite fall. Cover the barrel 
with vine leaves, and sand above them, and let it stand 
until it has done working, which will be in about three 
weeks, then stop it with a bung, and in two months time 
it may be bottled. 

Wine — Currant. 

Put one pailful of water to every pailful of currants 
on the stem. Wash and strain; add three and one- 
fourth pounds of sugar to every gallon of the mixture 
of juice and water. Mix well and put into the cask, 
which should be placed in the cellar on the tilt, so that 
it can easily be racked off in October without stirring up 
the sediment. 

Tw^o bushels of currants will make one barrel of 
wine. Fill the barrel within three inches of the bung, 
and make it air-tight by placing wet clay over it after it 
is driven in. ^ 

Wine — Elderberry. 

Water 5 gals. 

Elderberry juice ;...... — 5 " 

White sugar 22 lbs. 

Red tartar 4 oz. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 183 



Put these into a cask, and add a little yeast and let it 
ferment. When undergoing fermentation, add 

Ginger root 2 oz. 

Allspice 2 " 

Cloves J " 



Put them into a clean cotton bag and suspend in the 
cask. They give a pleasant flavor to the wine, which 
will become clear in about two months, and may then be 
drawn off and bottled. 

Wine — Grape. 

Water 4 quarts. 

Grape j nice 4 " 

Sugar 8 lbs. 

Extract the juice in any simple way, if only a few 

quarts are desired. You can do it with a strainer and a 

pair of squeezers. If a large quantity is desired, do it 

to suit your own convenience, using only grapes that are 

perfectly ripe and free from blemish. After the first 

pressing put a little water with the pulp, and press a 

second time, using the juice of the second pressing with 

the water to be mixed with the clear grape juice. Put 

in a keg, fill even full. After fermentation has taken 

place and the scum removed, draw off, bottle and cork 

tight. 

Wine — Ginger. 

Ginger, best, bruised 2 oz. 

Sugar o .. o 6 lbs. 

Water 7 qts. 



184 MISCELLANEOUS, 



The rind of three good-sized lemons. Boil together 
for half an hour. When luke-warm put the whole in a 
cask, with the juice of the lemons and one-quarter of a 
pound of sun raisins. Add one teaspoonful of new yeast, 
and stir the wine every day for ten days. 

Wine— Ging^. 

Bruised ginger 4 oz. 

Lump sugar 10 lbs. 

Water 5 gal. 

Add two eggs. Boil well and skim. Then pour on 
hot three or four lemons cut in slices. Macerate for two 
hours, then rack and ferment. Add— 

Spirits .1 qt. 

Finings , ..J pt. 

Rummage well. To make color, boil — 

Saleratus J oz. 

Alum J " 

in one pint of water, till you get a bright red color. 

Wine — Lemon. 

Water 15 gals. 

Raisins (bruised) . 8 lbs. 

Sugar 30 " 

Boil, then add — . 
Cider 7 gals. 

Ferment and add — 

Spirit :. IJ gals. 

"White tartar 6 oz. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 185 



Essence of lemon 1 oz. 

Finings J pt. 

Shake well the essence with a pint of the spirit until 
it becomes milky before adding to the wine. 

V*^ine — Apple. 

To each gallon of cider, as soon as it comes from' the 
press, add two pounds of loaf sugar ; boil as long as any 
scum arises, then strain through a sieve and let it cool ; 
now add some good yeast, mix well ; let it work in the 
tub two or three weeks, then skim off the scum ; draw 
it off close, and turn it; let it stand about a year, then 
rack it off and add two ounces of isinglass to the barrel ; 
then add half a pint spirits of wine to every eight gallons. 

Wine— Port. 

Good imported port wine 3 gals. 

Good prepared cider 12 '' 

Juice of elderberries 3 " 

Good brandy IJ " 

Cochineal 3 oz. 

Pulverize the cochineal very fine, put it with the 
brandy into a stone jug, let it remain at least two weeks. 
Have your cider ready ; put six gallons of the cider into 
a twenty-gallon cask ; add to this the elder juice, port 
wine, brandy and cochineal; take the remaining six 
gallons of cider, with part of which clean out your jug 
that contained the brandy, and pour the whole into the 



186 MISCELLANEOUS. 



caskj bung it tight, and in six weeks it will be all right 
for use. 

Wine— Raspberry. 

Take six pounds of raisins, clean, w^ash and stone 
them thoroughly ; boil four gallons of spring water for 
half an hour. As soon as it is taken off the fire pour 
it into a deep stone jug or jar; put in the raisins with 
twelve quarts of raspberries and four pounds of loaf 
sugar ; stir it well together, cover them closely, and set 
in a cool place ; stir it twice a day, then pass it through 
a sieve ; put the liquor in a close vessel, and one pound 
more of loaf sugar ; let it stand for a day and night to 
settle, then bottle it, adding a little more sugar. 

Wine — Unfermented. 

Pick the grapes when well ripened; remove carefully 
all decayed and unripe berries. You may use mixed 
varieties of grapes. Express the juice and boil as long 
as any scum arises ; skim carefully from time to time ; do 
not boil over an hour ; bottle it while hot, and seal either 
in glass bottles, jugs or air-tight casks. It is in a con- 
dition to be used at any time, but after it is once opened 
it must not be allowed to ferment. With the exception 
of strawberry syrup, this will be found to be the most 
delightful and exhilirating of all fermented beverages. 
It needs no sugar, and may be diluted when drank. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 187 



Beer — Cottage. 
Water 10 gals. 

Good sweet wheat bran 1 peck. 

Good hops 3 handfuls. 

Boil the whole together in an iron, brass or copper 
kettle, until the bran and hops sink to the bottom ; then 
strain it through a hair sieve, or a thin sheet, into a 
cooler, and when about luke-warm, add two quarts of 
molasses. As soon as the molasses is melted pour the 
whole into a nine or ten gallon cask, with two table- 
spoonfuls of yeast. When the fermentation has subsi- 
ded, bung up the cask, and in four days it will be fit for 

use. 

Beer — Ginger. 

Honey 1 lb. 

Sugar 20 " 

Lemon juice 18 oz. 

Yeast 6 pts. 

Water 18 gal. 

Bruised ginger root 22 oz.j 

Boil the ginger half an hour in a gallon of water, 
then add the rest of the water and the other ingredients, 
and strain when cool. Add the whites of two eggs, 
beaten, and one ounce of essence of lemon. Let it stand 
for four days, then bottle, and it will keep a long time if 
you don't drink it. 

Beer — Hops. 

Hops 6 oz. 

Water 5 qts. 



188 MISCELLANEOUS, 



Boil three hours, then strain oif. the liquor, pour on 
four quarts of water and twelve spoonfuls of ginger, and 
boil the hops three hours longer. Strain it and mix 
with the other liquor, and stir in two quarts of molasses. 
Brown, very dry, half a pound of bread, and put in — 
rusked bread is best. Pound fine and brown in a pot, 
like coffee. After it has cooled so that it is luke-warm, 
add a pint of new yeast that is free from salt. Keep 
the barrel covered in a temperate atmosphere until fer- 
mentation has ceased, which you may know by the set- 
tling of the frost. Then turn into kegs or bottles, and 
keep in a cool place. 



Beer— Philadeiphia. 

Water ....15 gal. 

Brown sugar 10 lbs. 

Ginger, bruised | " 

Cream of tartar J " 

Super-carbonated soda ..1| oz. 

Oil of lemon (cut in a little alcohol) J teaspoonful. 

Hops 1 oz. 

Yeast 1 pint 

The whites of five eggs well beaten; boil the hops 
and ginger root twenty or thirty minutes in enough of 
water to make all milk warm, then strain into the rest ; 
add the yeast and allow to work over night ; skim and 
bottle. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 189 



Beer — Root. 

Water arOO^ Fahr lOgal. 

Molasses 3 " 

Let it stand two hours, then pour into a barrel and 
add — 

Bruised sassafras bark J IK 

Wintergreen bark, bruised J " 

Bruised sarsaparilla root J " 

Yeast 1 pint 

Enough water to fill the barrel, say twenty-five gal- 
lons ; let it ferment for twelve hours and bottle. 



Beer— Root. 

Common burdock root 6 lbs. 

Or essence of sassafras 2 oz. 

Good hops 1 lb. 

Corn, roasted brown 2 pints 

Boil the whole in twelve gallons pure water until 
you get the strength of the material, strain while hot, 
into a keg, add enough cold water to make twenty 
gallons ; when it is nearly cold add clean molasses or 
syrup to make it palatable ; add also as much fresh 
yeast as would raise a batch of sixteen loaves of bread ; 
put the keg in the cellar or some other cool place, and 
in two days and nights you will have a first rate spark- 
ling root-beer. 



190 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Beer — to Cure when Ropy. 

Put a handful or^two of flour, and the sam? quantity 
of hops, with a little powdered alum into the beer and 
stir it well. 

Beer— Tomato. 

Gather the tomatoes once a week, take off the stems, 
wash and mash them well. Strain through a coarse 
linen bag. To every gallon of the juice, add one pound 
of good moist brown sugar. Allow it to stand nine 
days and then pour it off from the pulp, which will settle 
in the bottom of the jar. Bottle it closely. The older 
it gets the better. For use, take a pitcher that holds as 
much as you want to use, fill it nearly full of fresh 
sweetened water, add some of the preparation described, 
and a few drops of the essence of lemon, and you will 
find it equal to the best lemonade, and costs almost 
nothing. To every gallon of sweetened water add half 
tumbler of beer. 

Bitters— Brandy. 

Cardamons IJ oz* 

Cassia..... IJ " 

Cochineal J " 

Bruised gentian 4 " 

Orange peel 2^ " 

Spirits 2 g^^- 

Digest for a week, then pour off the clear, and pour 
two and one-half pints of water on the dregs. Digest 



MISCELLANEOUS, 191 



for a week longer, pour off and mix the two tinctures 
together. 

Bitters — Stomach. 

Underground Peruvian bark J oz. 

Gum kino ^ " 

European gentian root f " 

Orange peel f " 

Cinnamon | " 

Anise seed J " 

Coriander seed I " 

Cardamon seed ^ " 

Bruise all these articles, and put them into one-half 
pint of best alcohol. Let it stand for one week, and 
decant ; then boil the dregs a few minutes in a pint of 
water. Strain and press out all the strength. Now 
dissolve loaf sugar, one-half pound, in the hot liquid, 
add one and one-half quarts cold water ; mix with spirit 
tincture just poured off, or, you can add these and let it 
stand on the dregs if preferred. 

Lemonade. 

Essence of lemon 15 drops. 

Tartaric acid | oz. 

White sugar , | lb. 

Water IJ qt. 

Mix. 

Lemonade— Italian. 

Pare and press one dozen lemons. Pour the juice on 
the peels, and let it remain on them all night. In the 
morning add — 



192 MISCELLANEOUS, 



Loaf sugar 1 lb. 

Good sherry ...1 pt. 

Boiling water 1 J qt. 

Mix well and add one pint of boiling milk. Strain 
through a jelly bag until clear. 

Lemonade — Milk. 

Take the juice of fourteen lemons, 

White sugar • • • • 1 2 ^b. 

Sherry 1 pt. 

Boiling water , , 2 qt. 

Mix ; when cold add a quart of boiling milk ; let it 
stand for several hours, then strain until clear, through 
a jelly bag and ice. It is ahvays better if made the day 
before using. 

Lemonade — Portable. 

Take the juice of four large lemons, one pound of 
loaf sugar; strain the lemon juice, then mix with sugar; 
grate the rind of the lemon into this, and keep the mix- 
ture in ajar. If it is too sweet, add a little citric acid. 
Use a tablespoonful to a tumbler of w^ater. 

Lemonade — Portable. 

Loaf sugar 6 oz, 

Essence of lemon 1 dr. 

Tartaric acid 1 oz. 

Powder the sugar and acid ; mix them, and pour the 
essence of lemon on them, a few drops at a time. After 



MISCELLANEOUS. 193 



all is mixed, divide into twenty-four equal parts, and put 
them in white paper, like powders. If you wish to use. 
them, dissolve one in a tumbler of water, and you will 
have a glass of lemonade. This you can carry about in 
your pocket. 

Pop — Ginger. 

Ground ginger 1 oz. 

Hot water (boiling) 1 gal. 

Cream of tartar ..J teaspoonful 

White sugar... .....lib. 

The peel of one lemon. 

Let this stand until milk-warm, then put in the other 
part of the lemon, and 

Saleratus J teaspoonful 

Yeast 2 tablespoonfuls 

and the glair of two eggs to clear. Add cinnamon and 
cloves to your taste. 

Pineapple-ade. 

Take fresh ripe pineapples, pare and cut them into 
thin slices, then cut each slice into small bits ; put them 
into a large pitcher, and sprinkle powdered white sugar 
among them ; pour on boiling water in the proportion of 
half a gallon of water to each pineapple ; cover the 
pitcher, close up the spout with a roll of paper, and let 
the pineapples infuse into the water till it becomes quite 
cool, stirring and pressing down the pineapple occasion- 
ally with a spoon to get out as much juice as possible. 



194 MISCELLANEOUS. 



When the liquid has cooled off, set the pitcher in ice for 
awhile; then put the infusion in tumblers, and some 
more sugar, and jxut a lump of ice into each glass. 

Soda Water Wlthaiit jsl Machine. 

Water .,..*... ...•.^*..^., .1 gal. 

Super-carbonate of soda ^^^ ., 1 oz. 

Crushed sugar..* . ^ ....J lb. 

Fill half-pint hottles with this water. Have your 
corka ready. Drop into each bottle nitric acid in crys- 
tals one-half drachm, and immediately cork and tie down. 
The bottles must be handled carefully, without shaking, 
and keep cool until needed. Use sugar according to 
taste. 

Soda Syrup, with w without Fountains. 

The common syrups are mude using the following : 

Pure water J gal. 

Gum arable...... 1 oz. 

Crushed sugar ..4 lbs. 

Mix in a copper or brass kettle, boil until the gum is 
dissolved, then skim and strain through white flannel. 
After which, add tartaric acid, two and three-quarter 
ounces, dissolved in hot water. To flavor, use extract 
of orange, rose, pineapple, peach, sarsaparilla, straw- 
berry, lemon, &c., one-half ounce to each bottle, or to 
suit your taste. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 1 95 



Cream Soda — Using Cow's Cream for Fountains. 

Sweet rich cream 2 quarts 

Water.. 3 gills 

Loaf sugar 10 lbs. 

Warm gradually, so as not to burn, and add^ 
Extract of vanilla IJ oz. 

1 u 



2 



Extract of nutmeg 

Bring to a boiling heat, no more ; use four or five 
spoons of this syrup, if used without a fountain add 
tartaric acid one-fourth pound ; keep it cool. 

Ice Cream. 

Rich milk 1 gal. 

White sugar 2 lbs. 

Fresh cream 1 gal. 

Use more or less sugar to suit yourself. Dissolve 
the sugar in the mixture ; flavor with extract to suit your 
taste, or take the peal from a fresh lemon, and steep it 
in as little water as you can, and add this, it is the best, 
some prefer the juice or extract of strawberries, or rasp- 
berries for flavor ; they also give a beautiful color. 
Have your ice well broken ; take one quart of salt to a 
bucket of ice ; about half an hour's constant stirring, 
and occasional scraping down and beating together, will 
freeze it sufiiciently. 

Ice Cream — Cheap. 

Oswego corn-starch J lb. 

Milk ••• 3 quarts 



196 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Dissolve the starch in one pint of the milk, then 
mix all together, just simmer it a little (don't boil); 
flavor and sweeten according to your taste. 

Another. 

Pulverized sugar 1 lb. 

New milk, and cream (each) one quart and twelve 
eggs ; dissolve the sugar in milk, beat the eggs to a 
froth, and add to the whole; strain and bring to a scald 
but do not burn it ; when cool flavor with oil of lemon, 
or extract of vanilla. Put the tin freezer in a tub with 
broken ice and salt, whirl the freezer, and occasionally 
scrape down from the side that gathers. 

Pop-Corn Balls. 

Pop the com, reject all that is not nicely opened, 
place a peck of corn upon a table, or in a large dripping 
pan, put a little water in a kettle, with half a pound of 
sugar, boil until it becomes quite waxy in water, then 
remove from the fire, and dip into it three or four table- 
spoonfuls of thick gum .solution, made by pouring boil- 
ing water upon gum arable over night, then dip the mix- 
ture on different parts of the com. Put a stick or hands 
under the corn, lift it up and mix until the corn is all 
saturated with candy mixture, then press the corn into 
balls with the hands. Do it quickly, or it will set before 
you get through. 



MISCELLAXEOUS. 197 



Oyster Soup. 

Milk Igill. 

Butter J oz. 

Water ^ pt. 

Oysters 1 doz . 

Crackers to thicken. Boil the oysters and water, 
then add the other ingredients, previously mixed together, 
and boil from three to five minutes. Add salt and pepper 
to suit individual tastes. Use the proportions for any 
quantity. 

Oyster Stew. 

Stew them in their own liquor, season to taste with 
salt and pepper. Butter may also improve them. Some 
add, also, milk or cream and condiments, such as mace, 
parsley or nutmeg. If thickening of the soup is desired, 
grated cracker is preferable to flour. 

Oyster Fry. 

Take them from the shell, dry them on a clean cloth 
or napkin. Beat up the yelks of eggs with thick sweet 
cream — one yelk to two tablespoonfuls of cream. Rub 
together some grated bread, crumbs or crackers and a 
little salt and pepper. Heat in a skillet three-fourths 
of a pound of butter until hot. Dip each oyster in the 
beaten yelk and cream and then roll it in the crumbs, so 
that they will adhere to it. Drop into the skillet and 
fry until of a light brown color on both sides. They 



198 MISCELLANEOUS. 



ought to be crisp and light. Never pour over them the 
melted grease that may remain. 

Oysters — Roast, Boil or Bake. 

Wash the shells clean. To roast, lay the shells on a 
gridiron over a bed of coals. When the shells open they 
are done. Take off the top and serve in the under shell. 
To boil, put them in a pot of boiling water, serve in the 
shell. To bake, put in a hot oven ; otherwise, treat the 
same as for roasting. 

Honey — Artificial. 

Cream of tartar • 2 oz. 

Water 3 lbs. 

Coffee sugar : 10 " 

The white of an egg well beaten ; Lubin's extract of 
honeysuckle, ten drops ; bees' honey, one-half pound ; 
strong vinegar, three tablespoonfuls. Put the water 
and sugar into a suitable kettle and place on the fire. 
When it is lukewarm, stir in the cream of tartar and 
vinegar, then continue to add the egg. When the sugar 
is almost melted put in the honey and stir until it comes 
to a boil, take it off, let it stand a few minutes, then 
strain. Add the extract of honeysuckle last, let it stand 
over night and it is prepared for use. This is a very 
delicious article. 



MISCELLANKOUg. 199 



Honey — Premium. 

Water 1 qt. 

Common sugar 8 lbs. 

Let them come to a boil and skim. Now add : 
Pulverized alum .J oz. 

Take from the fire and stir in 

Cream of tartar 1 oz. 

Water, or extract of rose 2 tablespoonfuls, 

and it is ready for use. This is a "first rate'' article. 
Those using it desire nothing better. 



Honey— Cuba. 

Water 1 qt. 

Good brown sugar .........10 lbs. 

Old bee-bread honey, in comb... 2 " 

Cream of tartar 1 teaspoonful 

Oil of peppermint 3 drops. 

Oil of rose.... 2 " 

Gum arabic... 1 oz. 

Mix well, and boil two or three minutes, and pour in 
one quart more of water, in which is put an egg well 
beat up. As it begins to boil skim well, take it from 
the fire, and when a little cool add two pounds of nice 
bees' honey, and strain. This has been extensively 
'manufactured and shipped. If sealed up it will keep 
nice and fresh for a long time* 



200 MISCELLANEOUS. 



Another Honey. 

Water 2 qts. 

Good common sugar. 10 lbs. 

Bring it to a boil gradually, skimming well. When 
cool, add two pounds bees' honey and eight drops of pep- 
permint essence. If you wish a better article, use one- 
half pint less water, and one-half pound more honey and 
white sugar. If desired, by adding one-half ounce of 
alum to the water, you can give it the ropy appearance 
of bees' honey. 

Tallow Candles. 

Most tallow in summer is often quite yellow and soft. 
To avoid both, take your tallow, put in a little beeswax 
with it, especially if the beeswax is dark and not fit to 
sell ; put into a suitable kettle, add w^eak lye and boil 
gently for an hour or two each day for two days, stirring 
and skimming well. Cut it out each morning and scrape 
off the bottom, which is soft ; add one, two or three 
gallons fresh lye, according to the amount of tallow. Be 
sure that the lye is not too strong. The third morning 
use water in which there is dissolved alum and saltpetre, 
at the rate of half a pound each for fifteen pounds of 
tallow ; then simmer, stir and skim again ; let it cool, 
and you can take it off the water for use. 

Candles — Imitation Wax. 

Add some powdered quick-lime to melted tallow to 
purify it, then add two parts of wax to one of tallow, and 



MISCELLANEOUS. 201 



you get a beautiful article of candle resembling wax. 
When making the candles, dip the wicks in lime-water 
and saltpetre. To a gallon of water add : 

Lime J lb. 

Saltpetre 2 oz. 

It improves the light and prevents the tallow from 
running. 

Candle- Wicks — Preparing. 

Chloride of ammonium J oz. 

Saltpetre J " 

Chloride of calcium a J " 

Borax 1 " 

Then dissolve in one and one-half quarts of water 
and filter. Soak the wicks in this solution and then dry. 

Another. 

Steep the wicks in the following solution : 

Take saltpetre 4 oz. 

Lime 1 lb. 

Water 2 gals. 

Dry the wicks well before using. It prevents the 
tallow from running and improves the light. 

Yeast— for Bread. 

Take nine medium-sized potatoes, boil in two quarts 
of water, and mash them fine. Steep one cup of hops 
in one-half pint of hot water and strain ofi*, pressing the 



202 MISCELLANEOUS. 



hops. Now mix, hop-water, the mashed potatoes, potato- 
water, two tablespoonfuls of salt, two of ground ginger, 
one cup of sugar. When tepid, add one cup of stock 
yeast. Or, for the first, use brewers' yeast. Put in a 
jar and keep in a cool place where it will not freeze. 
Will keep two weeks. Let stand twenty-four hours 
before using. 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 



Hair Oil. 

Take alcohol J pint 

Castor oil 1 gill 

Citrionella 1 dr. 

This is a fine hair dress, is also good for the hair. 

Shaving Soap. 

White bar-soap 4J pounds 

Rain water 1 quart ] 

Beef's gall 1 gill 

Cut up the soap, and boil five minutes ; stir while 
boiling, and color with one-half ounce vermillion; scent 
with oil of roses, or almonds. 

Windsor Soap. 

This soap may be made by cutting nice white bar 
soap, and dissolving it over a slow fire, and scent it with 
oil of caraway ; when it is well mixed, pour it into your 
mold, and let remain for a few weeks. 

Frecicles. 

Freckles are yellowish brown spots on the skin, 
usually upon the exposed parts of the body, as the face, 
neck, hands, and arms ; they usually occur upon persons 



204 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

of fair complexicTns and sandy or red hair; they are 
probably owing to the derangement of the liver more 
than any other cause ; sometimes also to other causes : 
exposure to the sun also increases them. They are 
generally very difficult to remove and often impossible. 
Various washes have been recommended, and used for 
their removal, among which, the following are probably 
the best: 

Rose water 4 oz. 

Pulverized borax 2 drachms 

Mix : Dissolve and wash the parts twice a day, with 
a little of this solution, rain water may be used instead 
of rose-water. The following wash is probably still 
better: 

Take beef 's gall 1 oz. 

Pulverized saleratus .J " 

Pulverized borax J '' 

Gum guaiac ..i " 

Alcohol J pint 

Rose orrain water | " 

Mix, and let stand ten days, shaking occasionally; 
use as a wash twice a day. A solution of citric acid, 
made by dissolving half an ounce of the acid in a pint 
of rose, or rain water, is also good ; to be used same as 
the others. It will be well to attend to the liver, by 
taking daily, at the same time, the liver pills or powders; 
avoid exposure to the sun. A cold infusion of cleavers, 
{Gralium aparine) drank three times a day, and the parts 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 205 

washed with the same, will remove freckles from the 
skin, if continued for two or three months. 

Golden seal 4 dr. 

Orris root 4 " 

Add honey until it is a stiff paste. 

Toothache and Neuralgia. * 

When this affection befalls any one we can practi- 
cally sympathize, knowing what the suffering is. We 
would for their comfort recommend the following : 

Sal volatile. 3 dr. 

Laudanum 1 " 

Mix, and rub the part affected frequently, or if the 
tooth which is affected be hollow, drop some of this on a 
piece of cotton and put it into the tooth. For a general 
faceache or sore throat, moisten a bit of flannel with it, 
and put it at night to the part affected. 

Coral Tooth Powder. 

Take four ounces of coral, reduced to an impalpable 
powder, eight ounces of very light Armenian bole, one 
ounce of Portugal snuff, one ounce Havana snuff, one 
ounce of good burnt tobacco ashes, and one ounce of 
gum myrrh well Dulverized. Mix them together and sift 
them twice. 

A Good Powder. 

■ To make a good tooth powder, leave out the coral, 
and in its place put in pieces of brown stoneware, reduced 
to a very fine powder. 



206 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

I ' — — — . 

This is the common way of making it. 

Tooth Powders. 

Many persons, while laudably attentive to preserve 
their teeth, do them hurt by too much officiousness. 
They daily apply to them some dentrifice powder, which 
they rub so hard as not only to injure the enamel by excess- 
ive friction, but to hurt the gums even more, than by 
abuse of the tooth-pick. The quality of some of the den- 
trifice powders advertised in the newspapers is extremely 
suspicious, and there is reason to think that they are not 
altogether free from corrosive ingredients. One of the 
safest and best compositions for the purpose is a mixture 
of two parts of cuttle-fish bone and one of Peruvian 
bark, both finely powdered, which is calculated not only 
to clean the teeth without hurting them, but to preserve 
the firmness of the gums. 

Besides the advantage of sound teeth, for their use 
in mastication, a proper attention to their treatment 
conduces not a little to the sweetness of the breath. 
This is, indeed, often aifected by other causes, existing 
in the lungs, the stomach, and sometimes even in the 
bowels; but a rotten state of the teeth, both from the 
putrid smell emitted by carious bones and the impurities 
lodged in their cavities, never fails of aggravating an 
unpleasant breath, wherever there is a tendency of that 
kind. 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 207 

Tooth Paste. 

The following is an excellent tooth paste. This has 
the finest cleansing qualities, a healthy influence on the 
gums, and prevents the teeth from decaying : 

Charcoal 3 drachms, 

Chinchona 3 " 

Hair Vigorators — Baldness. 

In this, as well as all diseases, it is always better to 
work at the cause than the effect. Baldness is sometimes 
caused by one thing and sometimes by another. The 
dress of the head is often the cause. It is mostly too 
warm and heavy, not allowing enough fresh air, keeping 
the head in a damp and sweaty condition. That is most 
always the cause of dandruff, and that of baldness. 
Dandruff is much more injurious than generally sup- 
posed. It heats the head and burns up the oils and 
moisture of the head, and soon destroys the root of the 
hair, which causes the hair to turn gray and fall out. 
Hair should be kept short as practicable, and cleaned 
ofteuj washed with soapsuds, and rinsed with cold 
water, and then the head rubbed with a brush or coarse 
towel until it is real warm. If a stiff brush is used often 
while the hair is dry, it will help it wonderfully. The 
most reliable recipe to restore hair, perhaps, is the fol- 
lowing : 

Take glycerine 2 oz. 

Tinct. of myrrh., 1 '^ 



208 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

Cologne 1 oz. 

Tinct. of cantharicles J " 

Distilled water 24 " 

Mix well, and use once or twice per day. Apply 
with a sponge. 

Some also use the following mixture, and recom- 
mend it: 

Take red wine 1 lb. 

Salt 1 dr. 

Sulphate of iron 2 " 

Nut-gall 2 " 

This is all to be boiled for a few minutes on a gentle 
fire. Wash the head gently, and in an hour wash off 
with cold water. If this practice is kept up a month the 
hair will be sure to come out in full force. A fine growth 
can be sure in six weeks. My father and mother have 
both used this recipe with much satisfaction. 

Another. 

Lac sulphur 3 dr. 

Sugar of lead 2 " 

Tannin 40 gr. 

Pulverized copperas 40 " 

Rose water '. 6 oz. 

Apply once a day until the hair is quite well colored, 
then three times per week, and finally once per week. 
This recipe is intended to color the hair, also to invig- 
orate it. The use of it will soon strengthen and aid the 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 209 

hair so it will not want any coloring, I have heard of 
instances w^here the hair got its original color. 

French Restoratives and Vigorators. 

Sugar of lead 1 oz. 

Lac sulphur 2 " 

Borax IJ dr. 

Aqua ammonia 1 " 

Alcohol J gill. 

Bergamot 1 oz. 

Shake these articles until well mixed, and let them 
stand a few days. Then put in three pints of soft water. 
If the quantity is too large, you can take only half of 
each quantity. This is surely one of the best Hair 
Restoratives ever out. The lac sulphur and sugar of 
lead also have the properties of coloring the gray hair to 
a dark brown, and even if greater quantities are used of 
each, it will turn it jet black. 

Mode of Applying. — Wash your head clean each 
morning and dry with a rough towel ; then moisten the 
bald part of the head well. Be sure the roots are reached 
as the work is there. 

The following recipe we can highly recommend : 

To Remove Freckles. 

Alum 1 oz. 

Lemon juice 1 '' 

Mix with one pint of rose water. Apply to the face 
with a sponge three times a day. This solution is very 



210 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

effectual and perfectly harmless, and removes from the 
face all impurities, such as freckles, blotches and pimples. 

Face Powder. 

Starch 6 oz. 

Oxide of bismuth 2 " 

This is not so deleterious as most powders and paints, 
yet it is a nuisance. 

The following is my choice recipe : To set off the 
complexion with all the advantage it can attain, nothing 
is more useful than to wash the face with pure water. 
A little soap may be found excellent occasionally. 

Pearl Powder. 

These are of several sorts. The finest is the least 
hurtful to the skin. It gives the most beautiful appear- 
ance, but is too dear for common use. Still perfumers 
keep it for those that are curious and rich. The next 
best to this, perhaps, is the following : 

Magistery of bismuth 4 oz. 

Fine starch powder 2 " 

Mix well and pour over proof spirits until it over- 
flows the powder. Stir frequently, so that the impurities 
will rise and may be removed. Continue stirring until 
all impurities have risen and are removed. After this 
pour off the spirits and set the paste in the sun to dry. 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 211 

Another Hair Tonic. 

Take good brandy J pint, 

Bay rum J " 

Fine salt 1 tablespoonful, 

Alum 1 " 

Mix well and stir often for a few days. Then add 
one-fourth pint of soft rain-water. 

Apply with a soft sponge if the head is bald, if not, 
rub in well. If this amount is used and well applied it 
will surely be effective* 

Oil to Make Hair Curl. 

Olive oil 1 lb. 

Oil organum 1 dr. 

Oil of rosemary IJ " 

Use it freely, twice per day will not be too often, but 
only a little at a time. Using this only for a few weeks 
will be of great benefit. 

Razor Strap Paste. 

* Emery reduced to an impalpable powder, two parts ; 
spermaceti ointment, one part; mix together and rub 
over the strap. This usually costs twenty -five cents per 
box ; according to the above recipe, will cost you about 
three cents. 

Hair Dye. 

The following recipe is from one of our best bar- 
bers. He says : 



212 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET, 



Take gallic acid 2 dr. 

Alcohol 4 oz. 

Soft water 8 " 

Mix this all and put in one bottle. Then mix the 
following : 

Nitrate of silver i oz. 

Good ammonia , 12 dr. 

Gum arabic 2 " 

Soft water 4 oz. 

First dissolve the nitrate of silver in the ammonia, 
then add the gum arabic which must first be dissolved 
in the water ; this is put in another bottle ; the bottle 
No. 1, or first mixture is kept separate from the second 
bottle No. 2. The hair is then first cleansed with a good 
shampoo, or soap-suds, removing all grease from it, then 
rub quite dry, and No. 1 rubbed on with a sponge, then 
take a towel again, and rub until it is only nice and 
moist. Then take a small tooth-brush (that is what bar- 
bers use) and a comb, and put on the silver, or No. 2. 
Be careful not to get it on the skin, as it is hard to 
remove. Cyanuret of potassium, one-half drachm, to 
one ounce of water will remove it. However it is a poi- 
son, and should not be used much. This dye is a sure 
permanent dye. As soon as the process is over the 
whiskers are dved. The shade can be as desired. If 
only brown, the No. 2 is to be diluted by water. I think 
I can speak practically about its fast color. When I was 
a boy I of course wanted to ''show off'' with moustache, 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 213 

but owing to my age, my moustache could not be seen 
unless colored, so I resorted to this recipe, and I found 
that it was rather tedious to touch only the moustache, 
and still more tedious in cleaning my face. I found it 
rather a "botch." My dignity was considerably embar- 
rassed. The moustache was somewhat colored, and so 
was my face. This recipe I would by no means recom- 
mend for the hair. It is perhaps more injurious than 
any other. Instead of it being somewhat like the others 
— a tonic, it is rather a poison, but it is a good fast color 
and used by all barbers. 

Perfumery — Ambergris Perfume. 

Melt two pennyweights of fine ambergris in a brass 
mortar, very gently, stir in quickly eight drops of green 
lemon juice, and the same of behn-nut oil. Add, ready 
powdered, with fine loaf sugar: 

Musk 12 grains 

Civet 12 " 

And twenty-four grains of the residuum from the making 
of ambergris ; add one ounce of spirits of ambergris. 
Mix and incorporate them well, and add sixteen pounds 
of fine dry hair powder. Pass the whole twice through 
a fine hair seive ; then lay it open for three days in a 
dry room, stir it often, that the spirits may entirely 
evaporate ; otherwise it may turn sour, which, however, 
will go ofi" by keeping. Bottle and cork well. 



214 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

Musk and Civet Perfumes. 

Pure musk ..2 pwts. 

Civet 2 grains 

Residuum of ambergris 1 pwt. 

Make this into a paste, with two ounces of musk, 
made by infusion. Powder it with loaf sugar and mix 
in sixteen pounds of fine hair powder. 

Orris Perfume. 

Take best dried and scraped orris roots, free from 
mould. Bruise or grind them. The latter is best, as 
being very tough, they require great labor to pound. 
Sift the powder through a fine hair seive, and put the 
remainder in a baker's oven to dry the moisture. A 
violent heat will turn the roots yellow. When dry, grind 
again and sift, and repeat the same until the whole has 
passed through the seive. Mix nothing with it. 

Violet Perfume. 

Drop twelve drops of genuine oil of rhodium on a 
lump of loaf sugar; grind this well in a glass mortar 
and mix it thoroughly with three pounds of orris pow- 
der. This will in its perfume have a resemblance to a 
well flavored violet. ^ If you add more rhodium oil, a 
rose perfume instead of a violet one, Avill be produced. 
The orris powder is a most agreeable perfume, and only 
requiring to be raised by addition to the above named 
quantity of the oil. Keep this perfume in the same 



MISCELLANEOlTS TOILET. 215 

manner as the others. What is at the druggists' shop is 
generally adulterated. 

Rose Perfume. 

Take two pecks of fresh, dry damask rose leaves, 
strip them from their leaves and stalks ; have ready six 
pounds of fine hair powder; strew a layer of rose leaves 
on sheets of paper at the bottom of a box, cover them 
over with a layer of hair powder, then strew alternately 
a layer of roses and powder, until the whole of each has 
been used. When they have lain twenty-four hours, sift 
the powder out and expose it to the air twenty-four 
hours more. Stir it often, add fresh rose leaves twice as 
before, and proceed in the same way. After this dry the 
powder well by a gentle heat, and pass it through a fine 
sieve. Lastly, pour ten drops of oil of rhodium, or three 
drops of otto of roses, on loaf sugar, which triturate in a 
glass mortar, and stir well into the powder, which put 
into a box or glass for use. This hair powder perfume 
will be excellent, and will keep well. 

Bergamot Perfume. 

Take sixteen pounds of hair powder, and forty drops 
of Roman oil of bergamot, and proceed in all respects as 
before, but do not leave the compound exposed to the 
air, for in this case the bergamot is so volatile that it will 
quickly fly ofi*. 



210 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

To Perfume Clothes. 

Take of oven-dried best cloves, cedar and rhubarb 
root, each one ounce, beat them to a powder, and sprinkle 
them in a box or chest, where they will create a most 
beautiful scent, and preserve the apparel against moths. 

Sun Burn. 

A cosmetic made from elder flowers, steeped in boil- 
ing water, and then suifered to cool, is excellent for the 
hands and face. 

Pastils for Perfuming Sick Rooms. 

Powder separately the following ingredients and 
then mix on a marble slab : 

Gum benzoin 1 lb. 

Gum storax 8 oz . 

Frankincense 1 lb. 

Fine charcoal , 2 " 

Add to this composition the following liquids : 

Tincture of benzoin.... 6 oz. 

Essence of ambergris 2 " 

Essence of musk 1 " 

Almond oil 2 " 

Clear syrup 4 " 

Mix the whole into a stiff paste, and form into 
pastils of a conical shape which, dry in the heat of the 
sun. If more liquid should be required for the paste 
add warm water. 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 217 

Lip Salve. 

Dissolve a small lump of white sugar in a large 
spoonful of rose-water (common water maybe substituted); 
mix it with a couple of large spoonfuls of oil, a piece 
of spermaceti of half the size of a butternut; simmer 
the whole eight or ten minutes. 

Sore Eyes. 

Sugar of lead J drachm 

Sulphate of zinc J " 

Salt 1 " 

Loaf sugar 1 " 

Clean rainwater J pint 

Let stand and shake occasionally for two days, then 
filter through white flannel ; it is then ready for use. 
This is an excellent eye wash. It may be used two or 
three times a day. An excellent wash is also used, 
which is made in the following w^ay : A strong decoction 
of green tea and yellow root, of each, one-half an 
ounce, and the addition of one drachm of sulphate of 
zinc all well mixed and filtered as before. 



Eye Water. 

Extract of lead 10 drops 

Rose water 6 oz. 

Mix, and wash them night and morning. 



218 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

Another, 

Extract of lead ..10 drops 

Spirits of camphor 20 " 

Rose water J pint 

This eye- water is very useful in ophthalmia attended 
with much inflammation. Use as the other. 

Another. 

Opium 10 gr. 

Camphor 6 " 

Boiling water. 12 oz. 

Rub the opium and camphor in the boiling water, 
and stir the water a long time, then strain. This coUyr- 
ium abates the pain and irritation attendant on severe 
cases of inflammation of eyes. 

Another. 

White vitriol J dr. 

Spirits of camphor 1 " 

Rose-water 4 oz. 

Dissolve the vitriol in warm water, and then mix all 
well. This is a good tonic for the eye, especially in 
weak eyes after inflammation. 

Another. 

Opium ; , 10 gr. 

Distilled water 6 oz. 

Liquor acetate of ammonia ., 2 " 

The water is to be warmed, and the opium dissolved 
and strained through a white flannel, then mixed with 



IISCELLANEOUS TOILETc 219 

the ammonia. This water is very good in case of great 
pain. 

Warts. 

These troublesome excrescences can easily be removed 
if only a little attention is paid. I have known some 
people to be annoyed exceedingly with warts on hands, 
neck, &c. It is something I never could bear on me. 
The first appearance of one would make me very uneasy 
until it was removed. The way I w^ould do was, to cut 
the wart down until it would bleed a little, then lay the 
head of a match on it and ignite it, allowing it to burn 
on the wart. The phosphorous burning so slowly would 
seldom ever fail to destroy all the roots. But this opera- 
tion was attended with a great deal of pain, not only at 
the moment, but it would inflame the part very much. 
Some people use nitric acid, by touching the wart until 
it is all eaten ofi*. This is a simple and easy remedy, 
only it is sometimes dangerous, as the acid is not always 
taken off in due time. The following is a recipe from a 
doctor, (who states in the Journal of Healthy) after the 
practice of nearly twenty years, he has never known this 
to fail : 

Take nitrate of silver (lunar caustic), dip the end of 
the caustic into water, then rub the wart with it. By 
doing this a few times, the wart will be gone. If the 
caustic is too severe, you can destroy its effects by smear- 
ing on a little cream. 



220 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

Bark of a common willow burnt to ashes, says Dr. 
Gunn, will, if mixed with strong vinegar and applied on 
warts or corns, remove them at once. 

Hair Restorative— (Mrs. Allen's.) 

Soft water 8 oz. 

Rose water 8 " 

Sugar of lead J " 

Sulphur i " 

Prepare the compound and let it stand seven days 
before using. 

Wood's Restorative. 

Sugar of lead 1 dr. 

Lac sulphur 2 '' 

Rose water J pt. 

Mix well, and apply as occasion may require. 

Phalon's. 

To four ounces of ninety per cent, alcohol, colored by 
a few drops of tincture of alkanet root, add half an ounce 
of castor oil, and perfume with a compound of neroli, 
orange, bergamot and verbena. 

Hair Wash— Saponaceous. 

Rose water J gal. 

Extract of rondeletia J pt. 

Rectified spirits J " 

Hay saffron •••••! dr. 

Transparent soap f oz. 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 221 

Cut up the soap very jBne; boil it and the saffron in 
a pint of rose-water ; after it is dissolved add the rest of 
the water, then the spirits, and last the rondeletia. To 
perfume it, leave it stand four or five days, then bottle 
it for use. 

Toilet— Hair Wash for Dandruff. 

Castor oil J teaspoonful 

Alcohol J pt. 

Scent it with a few drops of lavender. This is an 
excellent hair wash. The alcohol seems to dissolve 
castor oil better than any other. 

Chapped Hands. 

Take the white of an egg and four ounces of blanched 
almonds; beat the almonds to a smooth paste in a mor- 
tar, then add the white of egg and sufiicient rose-water, 
mixed with one-half its weight of spirits of wine, to give 
the proper consistency. 

Cure for Sore Mouth. 

Sulphur 2^teaspoonfuls 

Armenian bole 2 " 

Burnt copperas ..2 " 

Burnt alum 2 " 

Honey 2 teacupfuls 

Mix them thoroughly ; take a small quantity in the 
mouth, let it dissolve in the mouth, and then swallow it. 
Repeat this often until the mouth is healed. 



?23 MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 

Hair Dye. 

Sugar of lead 6 drachms 

Lac sulphur 4 " 

Glycerine oil 2 oz. 

Rain water 1 qt. 

Sage ...1 handful 

Fifteen cents worth of perfume — citronella. 

Hair Invigorator. 

Carbonate of ammonia........ J oz. 

Tincture of cantharides J " 

Bay rum 2 pts. 

Alcohol ..V ..1 " 

Castor oil 2 oz. 

Mix well and shake it before using. 

Another. 

Cologne water J oz. 

Rose water J " 

Vinegar of cantharides. .J " 

Mix well and rub the roots of the hair thoroughly. 
Use daily. Is good for bald heads, and to prevent hair 
from falling off. 

Another Invigorator. 

Strong sage tea has also been recommended to pre- 
vent the hair from falling off, and if persevered in will 
make the hair grow very luxuriantly. 



MISCELLANEOUS TOILET. 223 

Hair Dye— (Dr. Hanman's.) 

Quicklime 6 oz. 

Starch 4 " 

Litharge 1 " 

Mix in a powder ; mix it in warm water and rub the 

hair well. Cover the hair with wadding or oil skin on 

retiring. 

Hair Dye — (Batchelor's.) 

Dissolve one-half ounce of gallic acid in four ounces 
of alcohol, add one ouart of soft water. 

Another. 

Concentrated ammonia J oz. 

Soft water... J " 

Add nitrate of silver J " 

Let it dissolve. To this add : 

Gum arabic . J oz. 

Soft water 2 



a 



Hair Dye— (Warren's.) 

White lime J oz. 

Lime.. 2 " 

Litharge J dr. 

Mix in a powder. Apply with a sponge and water 
to dye black. To dye brown, apply with milk. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 



Cooking may be defined thus : The best and most 
efficient ways of preparing raw food so as to preserve its 
natural qualities unimpaired, and render it most palatable 
and nutritious. 

A choice meal does not necessarily imply great 
expense and great skill in its preparation. The first 
requisite for a good meal is good sense. The best 
authorities should be consulted, and instruction given 
by them should be carried out with care and patience ; 
the materials being chosen with taste should be cooked 
with a judicious regard to their appearance at the table. 
Promptness, too, in preparing a meal adds much to its 
being well prepared. Also having one part ready long 
before the other impairs that part of its nutrition. A 
meal served on time is more palatable to guests than 
one for which they have been waiting. Waiting for 
meals is a trying time. We have experienced — 

** How sad it is to sit and pine, 

The long half hour before we dine ; 
Upon our watches oft to look, 

Then wonder at the clock and cook !" 

The art of cookery might be based on philosophical 
principles, but the means and circumstances of the 
masses are so difierent that a work of this kind would 



COOKING AND BAKING. 225 

not be practical. The recipes in this work are not of 
such a character as to imply great expense, so that none 
but the wealthy could use them. A judicious economy 
was kept in view, and recipes were valued according 
as they were practical. Mrs. P. Y. Dundore, of Plain- 
field, 111., has prepared and selected the various recipes 
with much care. She being a good cook herself, to 
which the writer can testify, they can be relied upon, 
and some even bear the impress of actual experience ; 
and of those into whose hands this book may fall, she 
would ask a fair trial of the recipes before passing 
judgment. 

General Rules and Directions for Preserving. 

1st. Let everything that is used for this purpose be 
delicately clean and dry. 

2d. Never place a preserving pan flat upon the fire, 
as this will render the preserves liable to burn ; it should 
rest on the lower bar of the kitchen range. 

3d. After the sugar is added to them, stir the pre- 
serves gently at first, and more quickly towards the end, 
without quitting them until they are done. This pre- 
caution will always prevent the chance of their being 
spoiled. 

4th. All preserves should be perfectly cleansed from 
the scum as it rises. 

5th. Fruit which is to be preserved in syrup, must 
first be blanched or boiled gently, until it is sufiiciently 



226 COOKING AND BAKING. 

softened to absorb the sugar, and a thin syrup must be 
poured on it at first, or it will shrivel instead of remaia- 
ing plump, and becoming clear. Thus, if its weight of 
sugar is to be allowed, and boiled to a syrup with a pint 
of water to the pound,^ only half the weight must be taken 
at first, and this must not be boiled with the water more 
than fifteen or twenty minutes at th^ commencement of 
the process ; a part of the remaining sugar must be added 
every time the syrup is re-boiled^ unless it should be 
otherwise directed in recipe. 

6th. To preserve both the true flavor and the color 
in jams and jellies, boil them rapidly. 

Patent Yeast 

Take three tablespoonfuls of flour, three of sugar, 
one of ginger, half a tablespoonful of salt, put all 
together into a pan^ boil four good sized potatoes in a 
quart of water; when tender, pour the water from the 
potatoes into the jar, mash the potatoes very fine and 
add to the rest. Boil a handful of hops in a quart of 
water, strain the water into the mixture, stir it briskly 
five minutes ; when lukewarm, add one cup of good- 
yeast, let it rise, and then stir it down several times 
through the day ; next day put it into a fruit can or jug, 
cork up pretty tight and put it into a cool cellar ready 
for use. 

One teacupful of this is sufficient for four loaves of 
breads Yeast made in this wa.y will keep five or six 



COOKING AND BAKING. 227 

weeks in cool weather, and three in hot. In summer 
omit the flour. Is the very best. Try it. 

Pickling Cherries. 

Take nice ripe cherries with the stems on, add one 
pint of cider vinegar, two pounds of sugar. Put all 
together ; let it come to the boiling point, pour into a jar, 
let it stand two days ; then boil the juice briskly one hour, 
add the fruit and scald it well. Be careful that it does 
not cook to pieces. 

Pickle Chow-Chow. ^ 

Take two quarts of green tomatoes, two quarts of 
white onions, two quarts of pickling beans, one dozen 
green cucumbers, one dozen peppers, one head of cabbage. 
Season with mustard, celery seed, and salt to suit the 
taste. Boil two hours slowly, continually stirring, and 
add two tablespoonfuls of salad oil while hot. 

Pickling Tomatoes. 

Slice green tomatoes a quarter of an inch thick, put 
into ajar, and sprinkle salt over each layer. Let them 
remain twenty-four hours, lift them into a colander, and 
let them drain well ; then, to one quart of vinegar add 
two pounds of sugar, two teaspoonfuls of cinnamon, one of 
cloves. Boil all together until the tomatoes are tender. 

Pickling Siberian Crab Apples. 

For one gallon of fruit take one quart of best vinegar, 
one pound of sugar, a small handful of cinnamon ; boil 



228 COOKING AND BAKING. 

until the apples are tender, but not boiled to pieces; let 
them stand four or five days, pour ofi* the juice, boil it 
half an hour, add the fruit and let it come to a boil. 
The flavor is retained best if sealed up tight. 

Ripe Pickled Cucumbers. 

Peel ripe cucumbers, cut them in two, and scrape 
out the seeds ; cut them into slices, put them into a pre- 
serving kettle with sufficient vinegar to cover them, and 
a little molasses; heat them gradually to the boiling 
point, but do not boil; put them into ajar and let them 
remain two or three days ; then take one quart of vinegar 
to every two quarts of cucumbers, one cup of sugar, a 
dozen cloves and a few pieces of cinnamon ; boil all 
together ^ few minutes, drain the vinegar off from the 
cucumbers, and pour the fresh vinegar, boiling hot, over 
them. They will always be ready for use. 

Pickling Apples. 

Fill a two-gallon jar with pared and cored sweet 
apples, one gallon of best vinegar, four pounds of sugar, 
one tablespoonful of ground cinnamon and one of cloves. 
Put 'all together in a preserving-kettle and boil till 
barely tender. 

Pickling Plums. 

One quart of best vinegar, four pounds of sugar, 
eight pounds of plums ; boil them in the mixture until 



COOKING AND BAKING. 229 

tender, then take out the plums and boil the syrup until 
quite thick, and pour it over them again. 

Pickling Cabbage. 

Slice the cabbage into a jar, and sprinkle salt over 
each layer ; let it remain two days, then put it into a 
colander to drain one day; put it into the jar again, 
and cover with boiling vinegar, adding a few slices of 
red-beet root. 

Pickling Mushrooms. 

Clean the mushrooms and put them into cold vine- 
gar, and allow it to come slowly to a boil; drain and 
lay them in a cloth till cold, then put them into fresh 
vinegar, and simmer slowly a few minutes ; dry them 
again, and put into the vinegar, after it has been cooled, 
with a little mace added. 

Anotlier Mode of Pickling Cucumbers. 

Take fresh cucumbers and put into a weak brine a 
week, add mustard-pode and horseradish leaves to keep 
them green; take out and drain, covering with vinegar 
for a week, at which time take out and drain again, and 
put into new vinegar. For a barrel of pickles, add two 
ounces of each mustard seed, ginger root, cloves, pepper, 
and red pepper pods. 

Sour-Krout. 

Take solid cabbages, strip oflF the outer leaves and 
shave fine into a jar or keg. To each layer of cabbage 



230 COOKING AND BAKING. 

sprinkle over it a piece of salt, and pack it down tight 
"ivith a potato-masher. Proceed in this way until the jar 
is full ; lay a dozen of clean cabbage leaves on top, have 
a tight-fitting cover to cover with, and put a weight of 
about five pounds on top to press it down. It will be 
ready for use in five or six wrecks. Boil about two hours, 
add a little butter or some pork. 

Pickling Capers. 

As soon as gathered, put them into a jar with strong 
vinegar and salt. Tie a skin over the jar and keep in a 
cool place. 

Pickled Cucumbers. 

Pick the cucumbers when only two or three inches 
long ; wash them and lay thenj into a jar or keg ; inake 
a strong salt brine, strong enough to bear up an egg, 
pour over the cucumbers, cover them up and put weights 
on top to keep them in the brine. When wanted for 
use, soak them in fresh water three or four days, changing 
the water twice a day. When sufficiently freshened put 
them in good cider vinegar. 

Sweet Pickled Peaches. 

Three pounds of sugar, seven pounds of fruit, one 
pint of vinegar. When on the boil, put in the fruit; 
whole cloves and ground cinnamon put in a bag ; cook 
twenty minutes. Put into a jar and cover it up tight. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 231 

If they should ferment at any time, simply boil down 
the juice, then boil the peaches in it for a few minutes 
only. 

Fried Bread. 

Beat four eggs, add half a teacupful of rich sweet 
milk, half a teaspoonful of salt, cut bread into slices^ 
(dry bread will do,) dip it into the mixture and fry in 
butter or lard ; when brown on one side, turn it over. 

Waffles. 

To a quart of milk add five eggs, one and one-fourth 
pounds of flour, half pound of butter, beat them well 
together ; w^hen baked sift cinnamon and sugar on them. 
If you make the waffles before it is time to bake them, 
add a spoonful of yeast. 

Graham Biscuit. 

Take one quart of graham flour, one tablespoon half 
full of salt, sufiicient water stirred in to stir easily with 
the spoon ; drop it into hot cast-iron moulds and bake in 
a hot oven. If the oven is not hot the biscuit will not 
be good; the heat makes them light. These are the 
healthiest biscuit made. 

French Rolls. 

One spoonful of lard or butter, three pints of flour, 
one cup of yeast, and as much milk as will w^ork it up to 
the stifiness of bread ; just before baking them take a 



282 COOKING AND BAKING. 

clean cloth or brush and rub them over with a little 
sweetened milk. 

Pan Cakes. 

Two cups of sweet milk, four eggs, one teaspoonful 
of salt, half a teaspoonful of soda, two cups of flour« 
Do not stir more than is necessary to mix. 

Johnny Cake. 

Take one pint of sweet milk, one pint of sour, one 
teacupful of cream, or, if cream can not be had, take 
half a teacupful of lard, four eggs, one teaspoonful of 
saleratus, add corn meal to the consistency of pancake 
batter ; bake quick in a hot oven ; it is nice, try it. 

r Graham Bread. 

Take some of your light bread sponge, mix graham 
flour into it sufficient to prevent its sticking to the hands 
while kneading it, make into loaves, let it rise, and bake 
one hour; if there is no sponge on hand, make the 
yeast as for light bread. 

Jumbles. 

Take one and a half pounds of flour, one pound of 
sugar, one cup of butter, three eggs, with a wine-glass 
of rose water ; roll them thick with fine powdered sugar ; 
bake on tins. 

One pint of lukewarm milk, half a cup of butter, 
one of yeast, flour enough to make a stiff batter, and 



COOKING AND BAKING. 233 

set it to rise ; when light, add two beaten eggs, one cup 
of sugar, flour to make a stiff dough, when light make 
into small cakes. 

Indian Bread. 

To two quarts of Indian meal, add boiling water 
enough to wet the same; when sufficiently cooled, add 
one teaspoonful of salt, half a pint of yeasty one tea- 
cupful of molasses, and flour enough to form it into a 
loaf; (it should not be kneaded hard) ; when light, bake 
two hours in a well heated oven. Half a cup of butter 
or lard is an addition. 

Breakfast Corn Cake. 

Four teacups of corn meal, two of sour milk, two 
tablespoonfuls of cream or butter, one teaspoon even full 
of saleratus, two eggs, a teaspoonful of salt; bake in 
"*em nans'' and serve hot, like rolls. 

Light Bread. 

Take five or six ordinary sized potatoes, boil till 
tender in a quart of water ; take one pint of flour, pour 
boiling water over it, stirring it briskly, meanwhile, to 
prevent it being lumpy ; pour the water from the pota- 
toes into it, mash the potatoes fine and add those ; mix 
it well ; have the mixture the consistency of pancake 
batter; when warm add one teacupful of patent yeast, 
and let it rise over night ; in the morning take one 



234 €OOKINa AND BAKING. 

quart of sweet or buttermilk, previously warmed ; mix 
with one quart of flour, add the yeast and stir well ten 
minutes ; set it in a warm place to rise ; when quite light 
add flour, and knead up stiff. It should be worked at 
least half an hour. Let it rise a little, and knead it 
again ; when light the second time mould out and put 
into the bread-pans. Let it rise, and bake one hour in 
a moderate oven. 

Dry Yeastp 

Take one pint of good yeast, stir sufiicient corn meal 
into it to roll out; roll thin, cut it into cakes, put them 
in the sun to dry. If dried by the stove, care should be 
taken not to scald them. When thoroughly dry, put 
away in a dry place. It will keep three or four months. 

Marble Cake. 

One cup of butter, one of milk, two of sugar, whites 
of eight eggs, five cups of flour, half a teaspoonful of 
saleratus, spice. 

One cup of butter, two of brown sugar, one of sour 
milk, yelks of eight eggs, one egg, one cup of molas&es, 
spice, four cups of flour, one teaspoonful of saleratus. 
Put in pans together. 

Sweet Fried Cakes. 

Two and a half cups of buttermilk or sour milk, one 
cup of butter or lard^ one cup of sugar, one teaspoonful 



COOKING AND BAKING. 235 

of soda, one teaspoonful of brandy, two eggs, a little 
salt ; mix flour to the consistency of biscuit dough, cut 
them in strips, twist them and double them over, press 
the ends together. Fry them in hot lard. 

Lemon Cake. 

Three cups of loaf sugar, one of butter, one of milk, 
one teaspoonful of soda, two of cream of tartar, the 
yelks of five eggs, five cups of flour, the juice and grated 
peel of one lemon. 

A Good Seed Cake. 

Beat to a cream one pound of sugar and one of but- 
ter ; next add the whites of eight eggs beaten to a stift' 
froth, and the well-beaten yelks of twelve, add these by 
degrees, beating continually till are well mixed ; then 
gradually add a pond and a half of flour, into which two 
ounces of nicely cleaned caraway seed have been strewn, 
and a gaod-sized nutmeg grated. Beat another quarter 
of an hour, then pour into a buttered mould and bake 
for an hour and a half. 

Philadelphia Cake. 

One and a half pounds of flour, three-quarters of a 
pound of sugar, half a pound of butter, three eggs, two 
teaspoonfuls of baking powder, mixed with the flour, or, 
half a teaspoonful of soda and one teaspoonful of cream 
of tartar, one cup of sweet milk, a wineglass of wine, 



236 COOKING AND BAKING. 

the same quantity of brandy, a pound and a half of seeded 
raisins, a quarter of an ounce of pounded mace, or, a 
couple of nutmegs and a little cloves or cinnamon. Stir 
to cream the butter and sugar, then add the eggs, pre- 
viously beaten to a froth. If soda is used, dissolve it in 
the milk ; stir the whole together a few minutes ; bake 
in pans lined with buttered paper. 

Spanish Puffs. 

Put into a saucepan a teacupfal of water, one table- 
Bpoonful of powdered sugar, half a tablespoonful of salt 
and two ounces of butter. While it is boiling add suffi- 
cient flour for it to leave the saucepan, stir in one by one 
the yelks of four eggs, drop a tablespoonful at. a time 
into boiling lard and fry a light brow^n. 

Cream Muffins. 

One quart of rich milk, or, half cream and half milk 
is better ; a quart of flour, six eggs, a tablespoonful of 
butter, one of lard softened together. Beat whites and 
yelks separately, very light, then add flour and shorten- 
ing and a teaspoonful of salt ; stir the flour in the last 
thing, lightly as possible, and have the batter free from 
lumps. Fill dishes half full well buttered muffin-rings 
and bake immediately in a hot oven. 

Muffins. 

One quart of flour, three cups warm milk, one of 
yeast and a little salt; stir well together and let rise ; 



COOKIXG AND BAKING. 237 

mix flour enough in to knead it with the hands. Knead 
it well and let it rise one hour ; roll it into balls, set them 
to rise, then bake. 



Rich Mince Meat. 

Cut the root of a neat's tongue, rub the tongue well 
with salt, let it lie four days, wash it perfectly clean, 
and boil it till it becomes tender ; skin, and when cold 
chop it finely ; mince as small as possible, two pounds 
of fresh beef suet from the sirloin, stone and cut small 
two pounds of bloom raisins, clean nicely two pounds of 
currants, pound and sift half an ounce of mace, and a 
quarter of an ounce of cloves, grate a large nutmeg; 
mix all these ingredients thoroughly together with a 
pound and a half of good brown sugar; pack it in jars. 
When it is to be used, allow for the quantity, suflBcient 
to make twelve small mince pies, five finely minced 
apples, the grated rind and juice of a large lemon, add 
a wine glass and a half of wine ; put into each a few 
bits of citron, and preserved lemon peel. Three or four 
whole, green lemons, preserved in brown sugar, and cut 
into thin slices, may be added. 

To Broil. 

This culinary branch is very confined, but excellent 
as respects chops or steaks, to cook which in perfection 
the fire should be clear and brisk, and the gridiron set 
on it slanting, to prevent the fat dropping in it. In 



238 COOKING AND BAKING. 

addition, quick and frequent turning will insure good 
flavor in the taste of the article cooked. 

To Fry Meats, &c. 

Be always careful to keep the frying-pan clean, and 
gee thait it is properly tinned. When frying atiy soft of 
fish, first dry them iii a cloth and theii flour them. Put 
into the pan plenty of dripping or hog's lard, and let it 
be boiling hot before putting in the fish. Butter is not 
go good for the purpose, as it is apt to burn and blacken 
and make them soft. When they are fried, put them iii 
a dish or hair sieve fo drain, before they are sent to 
tatble. Olive oil is the best article for frying, but it is 
very expensive, and bad oil spoils everything that is 
dressed with it. Steaks and chops should be put in 
when the liquor is hot, and done quickly, of a light- 
bro^^n, and turned often. Sausages should be done 
gradually, which will prevent their bursting. 

To make a savory dish of veal, cut some large scollops 
from a leg of veal, spread them on a dresser, dip them in 
ritjfa egg batter; season them with cloves, mace, mxt- 
meg and pepper, beaten fine ; make force-meat with some 
of the veal, some beef suet, oysters chopped, sweet herbs 
shred fine ; strew all these over the scollops, roll and tie 
them up, put them on skewers and roast them. To the 
rest of the force meat add two raw eggs, roll them in 
bails and fry them ; put them into the dish with the 
meat when roasted, and make the sauce with strong 



COOKING AND BAKING. 239 

broth — an anchovy of a shalot, a little white wine and 
some spice ; let it stew, and thicken it with a piece of 
butter rolled in flour; pour the sauce into the dish, lay 
the meat in with the force-meat balls, and garnish with, 
lemon. 

To Roast a Duck. 

Ducks may be roasted as soon as killed. Keep a 
clear bright fire; let them be done of a light brown, 
but if wild, they should not be much roasted or the fla- 
vor will be spoiled. They take about an hour to roast, 
and should be well basted. The livers and gizzard are 
parboiled, chop fine and thrown into the gravy.- Can- 
vass-back ducks are roasted in half an hour; they 
should always be served with currant jelly. For tame 
ducks, apple sauce is more appropriate. A duckling 
will require proportionally more roasting. 

To Broil a FowL 

Split the fowl down the back ; season it very well 
with peppery and put it on the gridiron with the inner 
part next the fire, and allow the fowl to remain until it 
is nearly half done, then turn it, taking great care that 
it does not burn ; broil it of a fine brown, and serve it 
up with stewed mushrooms, or a sauce with pickled 
mushrooms. A duck may be broiled in the same way. 
If the fowl is very large, half roast it, then cut it into 
four quarters and finish it on the gridiron ; it will take 
from half an hour to three-quarters of an hour to cook. 



240 COOKING AND BAKING. 

To Fry Chickens. 

Cut up the chickens, and season them with salt and 
cayenne pepper ; roll them in flour, and fry them in hot 
lard ; when fried, pour oif the lard, and put in a quarter 
of a pound of butter, one teacupful of cream, a little 
flour and some scalded parsely chopped fine for the 
sauce. 

To Regulate Time in Cookery— Mutton. 

A leg of eight pounds will require two hours and a 
half; a chine or saddle of ten or eleven pounds, two 
hours and a half ; a shoulder of seven pounds, one hour 
and a half; a loin of seven pounds, one hour and three- 
quarters ; a neck and breast, about the same time as a 
loin. 

Beef. 

The sirloin of fifteen pounds, from three hours and 
three-quarters to four hours; ribs of beef from fifteen 
to twenty pounds, will take from three hours to three 
hours and a half. 

Veal. 

A fillet from twelve to sixteen pounds will take from 
four to five hours, at a good fire ; a loin upon the 
average, will take three hours; a shoulder from three 
hours to three and a half; a neck, two hours ; a breast, 
from one and a half to two hours. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 241 

Lamb. 

Hind quarter of eight pounds will take from an hour 
and three-quarters to two hours; fore quarter of ten 
pounds, about two hours ; leg of five pounds, from an 
hour and a quarter to an hour and a half; shoulder, or 
breast, with a quick fire, an hour. 

Pork. 

A leg of eight pounds will require about three hours ; 
griskin, an hour and a half; a spare-rib of eight or nine 
pounds will take from two hours and a half to three 
hours, to roast it thoroughly ; a bald spare-rib of eight 
pounds, an hour and a quarter ; a loin of five pounds, 
if very fat, from two hours to two hours and a half; a 
sucking pig, of three weeks old, an hour and a half. 

Poultry. 

A very large turkey will require about three hours ; 
one of ten pounds, two hours ; a small one, an hour and 
a half; a full-grown fowl, an hour and a quarter; a 
moderate sized one, an hour; a pullet, from half an hour 
to forty minutes ; a goose, full-grown, from an hour and 
a half to two hours; a green goose, forty minutes; a 
duck, full-size, from thirty to fifty minutes. 

Venison. 

A buck haunch, which weighs from twenty to 
twenty-five pounds, will take about four hours and a 



242 COOKING AND BAKING. 

half roasting ; one from twelve to eighteen pounds, will 
take three hours and a quarter. 

Green Peas— a la Francaise. 

Take two quarts of fresh shelled peas, put them into 
cold water with three ounces of butter, and stir them 
about until they are well covered with the butter, drain 
them in a colander and put them in a stew-pan with 
parsley ; dredge over them a little flour, stir the peas 
well and moisten them with boiling water: boil them 
quickly over a large fire for tAventy minutes, or until 
there is no liquor remaining. Dip a small lump of sugar 
into some water that it may soon melt ; put it with the 
peas and add a half a teaspoonful of salt. Take a piece 
of butter the size of a walnut, work it together with a 
teaspoonful of flour and add this to the peas, which 
should be boiling when it is Dut in. Serve hot. 

Fruit Cake. 

One cup of butter, one of thick cream, three of 
sugar, four of raisins, five cups of flour, four eggs ; one 
teaspoonful of saleratus, one of nutmeg and two of cin- 
namon ; stir the sugar and butter to a cream, beat the 
eggs to a stiff' froth and mix with the sugar and butter. 
Dissolve the saleratus in a tablespoonful of water, pour 
it into the cream, stir but very little ; mix all and stir a 
few minutes, and bake ojiejiour. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 243 

Tea Cake. 

One cup of sweet cream, one of sugar ; two eggs, 
three cups of flour, one heaping teaspoonful of baking 
powde: mixed w^th the flour • bake twenty or thirty 
mmuies . 

Paste for Baits. 

One ounce of fine loaf sugar to one pound of flour, a 
pinch of salt; make it into a stiff* paste with a gill of 
boiling cream and three ounces of butter. Work it well 
and roll out thin. 

Paste for Chicken Pie. 

Take one quart of flour, one pound of butter ; mix it 
well together; add two cups of milk, with half a tea- 
spoonful of saleratus and one teaspoonful of salt; roll 
out and line a deep dish with it; have a young chicken 
dressed and cut in pieces, put into the lined dish, with a 
teacup of water, one teaspoonful of salt, one tablespoon- 
ful of butter, a little pepper and some parsley ; put on 
the top crust and bake one hour. If an old chicken is 
used, boil it tender first and then bake into a pie. 

Pie Crus* 

Take one quart of flour and eight ounces of butter or 
lard, one teaspoonful of salt ; work them well together, 
then mix it up with as little water as possible, so as to 
have it a stiff* paste ; roll out thin for use. 



244 COOKING AND BAKING. 

Puff Paste. 

Take two quarts of floiii' and one pound of better, 
one teaspoonful of salt; rub the flour and butter well 
together, add sufficient water to make a paste stiff enough 
to roll out; when rolled out, put a layer of butter all 
over it, then sprinkle a little flour on, double it up and 
roll out again ; double and roll it with layers of bu4;ter 
three times, and it w^ill be ready for use. 

Beefsteak Pie. 

Take tender steak that has been broiled, cut in small 
pieces ; season to taste ; make a paste same as for chicken 
pie and bake one hour. 

Raised Lamb Pie. 

Bone a loin of lamb, cut them nicely, and lay them 
in the bottom of a stew-pan, with an ounce of butter, a 
teaspoonful of lemon-juice and some pepper and salt; 
put them over a fire and turn them, and put them to cool. 
Then raise four or five small pies with paste about the 
size of a teacup, put some veal force-meat at the bottom 
and the cutlets upon it ; roll out the top an eighth of an 
inch thick, close and pinch the edges, bake them half an 
hour, and when done take off the top and pour in some 
good brown sauce. 

Omelet. 

Whisk up three eggs, a sprinkling of parsley, a pinch 
of salt and a taste of black pepper, with two ounces of 



COOKING AND BAKING. 245 

bacon cut into half dice, and turn the frothing mixture 
into the omelet pan, in which a spoonful of butter has 
been heated, without browning. When it is brown on 
one side take a flat spoon and turn it over ; brown nicely 
on the other side, then tip the whole mass upon a plate. 

Another. 

Beat four eggs, add half a teacup of sweet milk, half 
a teaspoonful of salt, melt two tablespoonfuls of butter 
in a frying-pan, add one pint of bread-crumbs, stir until 
the bread is hot through, then pour on the egg mixture 
and stir a few minutes longer. Serve hot. 

Air-Castle Pie. 

Take one pint of cream, half a teaspoonful of soda^ 
one teaspooi^ful of salt ; mix in flour enough to make a 
stiff* paste ; take two-thirds of the paste, roll out and line 
deep round or oval dishes with it; take a deep plate that 
will exactly cover the dish, roll out the rest of the paste, 
lay the plate bottom side up, butter the plate, lay the 
paste on and ornament it with leaves made of the paste ; 
rub it over with the yelk of an *egg ; bake it a nice 
brown ; when done take it off* the deep dish and put it 
on a plate ; have ready some previously stewed chicken, 
rabbits or pigeons well seasoned with some gravy ; put it 
into the crust, take the cover from the plate and cover it 
up, and serve hot. This makes an excellent pie, and is 
quite showy. 



246 COOKING AND BAKING. 

Raised Pork Pie. 

Make a raised crust as for chicken pie ; take the rind 
and chine bone from a loin of pork, cliop it fine, season 
with pepper, salt and powdered sage, and fill your 
pie ; put on the top, fasten the edges well, rub the top 
over with the yelk of an egg, and bake it two hours, with 
a paper o^er it to prevent the crust from burning. 

Rabbit Pie. 

Make a crust as for chicken pie, or mince fine a 
pound of boiled bacon with the livers of the rabbit, one 
tablespoonful of butter, one pint of bread-crumbs, some 
pepper and salt, some pounded mace, some chopped pars- 
ley, and a challot thoroughly beaten together ; cover the 
bottom of the dish with it, put in neatly dressed rabbits, 
and cover with thinly sliced ham or bacon.. 

To Cook White Beans. 

Take one quart of white beans, wash clean, put into 
a kettle with three quarts of water and one teaspoonful 
of saleratus; boil fifteen or twenty minutes, pour the 
water off, add three quarts of fresh water, and boil till 
done. Saleratus is quite an improvement in cooking 
beans. 

Boiled Turnips. 

Peel, and if large, cut in two or three pieces ; boil 
them till very tender, then drain the water off thor- 



COOKING AND BAKING. 247 

oughly and mash them very fine; then stir them con- 
stantly over the fire a few minutes so as to get them 
dry, then add a little salt, a little good butter, and a 
little cream, and a little pepper ; continue to simmer and 
stir a few minutes longer, and serve quite hot. 

Pickled Beets. 

Wash the beets very clean, but neither scrape nor 
cut them, as not a fiber even should be cut away, until 
after they are boiled, then boil from one and a half to 
two and a half hours, according to their size. When 
quite tender, peel and slice thick, and put them into an 
earthen or glass jar; sprinkle a little black pepper over 
them, and let stand until next day, pour the vinegar oiF 
and boil it, pour it on boiling hot. Boiling the vinegar 
keeps them longer. 

Green Peas, 

Take one quart of fresh shelled peas, boil them in a 
quart of water twenty or thirty minutes, when done add 
a little salt, three tablespoonfuls of cream, and one of 
butter. Serve hot. 

Tomatoes. 

Take fresh ripe tomatoes, pour boiling water over 
them ; let them remain in the water a minute or two, 
take them out and peel and slice them, and serve with 
loaf sugar, or a little vinegar, sugar and salt. 



248 COOKING AND BAKING. 

Stewed Tomatoes. 

Take good ripe tomatoes, peel and slice them, put 
them into a stew-pan with a little water and some but- 
ter ; boil them fifteen or twenty minutes ; take three or 
four butter-crackers, crumb them up fine and stir in; 
if crackers can not be had, light bread crumbs will do ; 
add sugar to taste. 

Camphor Ice. 

One-half ounce spermaceti, one ounce oil of sweet 
almonds, one drachm powdered camphor; melt the oil 
and spermaceti together, then add the camphor, pre- 
viously dissolved in a little of the oil. 

Superior Sponge Cake. 

Take twelve eggs, beat the yelks with one pint of 
pulverized white sugar twenty minutes ; beat the whites 
to a stifi* froth and mix them with the yelks and sugar ; 
stir the whole together for a few minutes, then add grad- 
ually one pint of flour and the grated rind of a lemon. 
Butter white paper to line the cake pans, turn into the 
pans and bake in a middling hot oven thirty or forty 
minutes. If it browns too fast, cover with thick paper ; 
do not move it while in the oven or it will be heavy. 

Frosting. 

Beat to a stiiF froth the whites of two eggs, stir into 
it eight tablespoonfuls of pulverized white sugar, flavor 
with lemon or vanilla. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 249 

Raised Luncheon Cake. 

Mix one and a half pounds of light bread dough, 

knead well into a half pound of currants, three-quarters 

of a pound of sugar, quarter of a pound of candied peel, 

put it into a tin mould, let it rise an hour; bake till 

done. 

Washington Cake. 

One and three quarter pounds of flour, one and a 
half pounds of sugar, three-quarters of a pound of but- 
ter, one pint of milk, one nutmeg, one and a half pounds 
of raisins, six eggs, one teaspoonful of soda, t\yo of 
cream of tartar, and one glass of wine. 

Sponge Cake. 

Take five eggs, one cup of sugar ; beat the eggs and 
sugar briskly fifteen minutes, stir in one cup of flour. 
Bake half an hour. 

White Mountain Jeliy Cake. 

One-half a cup of butter, one cup of milk, two cups 
of sugar, three cups of flour, two eggs, two teaspoonfuls 
of cream of tartar, one teaspoonful of soda ; beat the 
sugar and eggs together, put the soda in the milk and 
the cream of tartar in the flour, stir all together and bake 
quick. Instead of jelly, put frosting between each layer. 

Cream Jell Cake. 

Take one cup of cream, one cup of sugar, two eggs, 
half a teaspoonful of soda, and flour to make it the thick- 
ness of cream ; butter white paper and put in a long 



250 COOKING AND BAKING. 

dripping-pan, put the cake in and bake quick. When 
done, spread on the jelly and roll it up. 

Italian Sponge Cake. 

Put into a large basin a pound of powdered loaf 
sugar and nine eggs, beat briskly for ten minutes with 
an egg-whisk, then place the basin in a large vessel con- 
taining hot water, add nine more eggs, and continue 
beating the mixture ten minutes longer, sprinkle in one 
.pound of potato flour and go on beating, taking care that 
it is mixed very smoothly with the eggs and sugar. Pour 
the mixture into a buttered mould and bake the cake in 
a slow oven. 

Bun Cake. 

One pound of flour, half a pound of currants, half a 
pound of sugar, half a pound of butter, three eggs, one 
gill of "milk, one teaspoonful of baking powder and 
twenty-five drops of essence of lemon. 

Fruit Cake. 

One pound of sugar, one pound of butter, nine eggs, 
one teacup of milk, one teacup of molasses, one w^ineglass 
of wine, one teaspoonful of soda, one and a half pounds 
of flour, three pounds of raisins, two pounds of currants, 
and citrons, flour a little to prevent their sinking, one 
teaspoonful of cloves, tw^o teaspoonfuls of allspice, one 
nutmeg. This will keep good a long time. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 



251 



Another of Same. 

One and three-fourths pounds of flour, one and three- 
fourths pounds of butter, one pound of raisins, one pound 
of currants, half a pound of citron, half a pint of sweet 
milk, one teaspoonful of soda, six eggs, one teaspoonful 
of cloves, two of cinnamon, three of allspice. Bake one 
hour. 

Fruit Canning, &c. 

*Pare and core the fruit, then put ?mong it enough 
sugar to make it palatable — say several pounds for each 
bushel; let it stand until the sugar is dissolved, using no 
water, then heat to a boil; continue the boiling carefully 
for twenty or thirty minutes, or long enough to heat 
through to expel the air ; now dip the can into a kettle 
of hot water long enough to heat it, fill in the fruit while 
hot, cork it immediately, and dip the end of the cork 
into a cement used for canning fruit ; after it has cooled 
dip it a second time, so as to insure the closing of all 
air-holes, which would spoil the fruit. Keep all canned 
fruit in a very cool cellar. 

For Berries, Plums, Cherries, &c. 

You need not boil over ten or fifteen minutes, using 
sugar to make palatable. 

Strawberries require about one-half a pound for 
every pound of berries. Use the same precaution in 
heating cans, &c., as in canning other fruits. 



252 COOKING AKD BAKING. 

To Can Pine Apples. 

Take those that are ripe, and free from decay ; pare 
them, cut into small pieces, leaving out the hard centre. 
To one pound of the apple add six ounces of fine white 
sugar, let it stand for several hours, that the juice will 
run freely to form a syrup; boil over a slow fire, and 
add a small quantity of water if there is not enough 
syrup. As soon as tender fill in glass jars and seal 
immediately. 

To Can Vegetables. 

Green corn, peas, beans, tomatoes, &c., get fresh, 
and ripe vegetables, boil them as you do for eating, with 
a little salt. Put tomatoes in scalding water until the 
skins can be easily taken oiF; after they are skinned stir 
them slowly with a little salt; stew them for nearly an 

hour, then put in cans. 

* 

Fruit Drying. 

If you have much fruit to dry, you ought to have a 
house; if you have hot-bed sashes, you can easily 
arrange them into a drying apparatus, and at the same 
time they will keep off insects. A hot-bed frame that 
has a bottom to it raised above the ground makes a 
capital drying box. 

Dried Fruits — To Protect from Worms. 

If you put a little sassafras bark with the dried 
fruit, when you store it away, it will not be molested by 



COOKING AND BAKING. 253 

insects. This is a cheap and simple remedy, and very 
effectual. 

Grapes — To Keep. 

The grapes must be taken as soon as ripe. All the 
imperfect ones should be picked from the bunch. Put 
a layer of thoroughly dried bran upon the bottom of a 
keg, put a layer of grapes on the bran; between the 
layers have sufficient bran so that the bunches will not 
come in contact. Thus fill the keg and close air-tight. 

Another. 

Select the best bunches, picking off the imperfect 
grapes ; put a layer of paper in a box, then a layer of 
grapes, continue thus alternating with a layer of paper 
and grapes until the box is full, then put on several 
layers or folds of paper or cloth ; nail down the lid and 
set in a cool place where they will not freeze ; do not 
crowd the bunches, but give them plenty of room, don't 
use papers on which there is print ; it may be well to 
put a little sealing wax on the ends of the stems. It is 
advisable to look after them several times during the 
winter, and if any are mouldy remove them and box up 
the good ones 

Arrowroot Pudding. 

Mix four tablespoonfuls of arrowroot to a smooth 
batter with half a pint of milk. Put a pint of milk on 
the fire with two tablespoonfuls of sugar. When it boils 



254 COOKING AND BAKING. 

add the batter and keep stirring it till sufficiently thick 
to leave the sauce-pan. Pour it into moulds previ- 
ously soaked in cold water. When cold it will turn out 
easily. A tablespoonful of brandy, poured in just before 
it is moulded, much improves the flavor. 

Amber Pudding. 

One pound of butter, three-quarters of a pound of 
sugar, the yelks of fifteen eggs, one orange peel ; mix 
the butter and sugar well together, then line a dish with 
paste, fill with the mixture, lay a crust over the top and 
bake in a slow oven. 

Another Dressing for Turkey. 

Take one pint of pork sausage meat, one pint of bread 
crumbs, one beaten egg, one onion, a little salt, pepper 
and sage. 

Boiled Turkey. 

A turkey for boiling should be prepared in the same 
manner as for roasting. Tie it up in a cloth, in order^'to 
have it look white, unless rice is boiled with it. It will 
require about two-thirds of a cup of rice if a soup is to 
be made of the water in which it is boiled ; if no rice is 
boiled with it, mix a little flour in and serve for gravy. 

A Christmas Dinner. 

Roast turkey, boiled ham, or fresh sausages, turnips, 
potatoes, cabbage, squash, b.e^ts, mince pies, and cran- 
berry sauce* -^ 



COOKING AND BAKING. 255 

To Roast a Turkey. 

After the turkey is singed and well cleaned, prepare 
stuffing in the following manner : Take a quart of light 
bread crumbs, half a teacupful of butter, a little salt 
and pepper, some grated nutmeg, a small handful of 
parsley ; put all together into a dish and pour nearly a 
quart of boiling water over it, let it stand a few minutes, 
then stir the bread crumbs fine ; beat two eggs and mix 
with it. Stuff the turkey full and sew up ; tie the 
wings to its body, and put it into a dripping pan with a 
pint of water and half a teacupful of butter ; rub some 
salt and pepper on the outside of the turkey, put it in a 
hot oven to bake, baste it with the gravy in the pan 
every fifteen minutes. Roast a large turkey three 
hours ; smaller ones less. If not sufficient water in the 
dripping pan, add some more and stir in one tablespoon- 
ful of flour and serve with the turkey. 

Family Mince Pie. 

Boil three pounds of lean beef till tender and when 
cold chop it fine. Chop two pounds of clean beef suet 
and mix the meat ; sprinkle in a tablespoonful of salt. 
Pare, core and chop fine six pounds of good apples, 
stone four pounds of raisins and chop them, wash two 
pounds of currants and mix them all well with the meat, 
season with powdered cinnamon, one spoonful of pow- 
dered nutmeg, a little mace, and a few cloves pounded, 
and one pound of sugar, one quart of Madeira wine and 



256 COOKING AND BAKING. 

eight ounces of citron chopped fine. This mixture, put 
down in a stone jar and closely covered, will keep several 
weeks. 

To Tell Good Eggs. 

Put them into water. If the butt-end turns up they 
are not fresh. This is said to be a certain test. 

Queen of Puddings. 

Soak one pint of bread crumbs in one quart of rich 
milk, beat the yelks of eight eggs and the whites of four 
with one cup of sugar, add one teaspoonful of butter, 
flavor to taste and bake it. Beat the whites of four eggs 
that were left and mix with sugar as for icing. As soon 
as the pudding is baked, spread lightly over it a layer 
of cranberry, grape, or any jelly slightly acid, then put 
the icing on thick, place it back in the oven until the 
meringue is slightly browned, which will depend on the 
temperature of the oven. Send to the table in the 
pudding dish in which it was baked. 

Cherry Cordial. 

Twenty pounds of cherries and six of sugar ; stone 
and lay the fruit in the sugar over night ; boil down to 
a thick jam, adding two large tablespoonfuls of bruised 
fruit kernels, (apricot or peach kernels,) add three gal- 
lons of brandy, put it into a demijohn and at the end of 
six months strain and bottle it. This is a delicious 
cordial. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 257 

Raspberry Tart with Cream. 

Roll out some thin puff paste and lay it in a patty- 
pan ; put in raspberries, strew over them fine sugar, 
cover with a thin lid, and then bake ; cut it open, and 
have ready the following mixture, warm : Half a pint of 
cream, the yelks of two eggs well beaten, and a little 
sugar. AYhen this is added to the tart, return it to the 
oven five or six minutes. 

Cranberry Jelly. 

Put the cranberries (which should be ripe) in a jar, 
cover it close and set in a kettle of boiling water ; boil it 
until the fruit is soft, and to each pint of juice put three- 
fourths of a pound of sugar — brown will do ; boil briskly 
ten or fifteen minutes. 

Calf s-Feet Jelly. 

Take four feet that have been previously cleaned, 
boil them in four quarts of water till very soft and the 
water is reduced to one quart ; take it from the fire and 
let it remain till perfectly cool, then scrape off the dregs 
which adhere to the bottom of the jelly; put it in a pre- 
serving kettle and set it where it will melt slowly ; when 
melted take it from the fire, mix with it half a pint of 
white wine, the juice and grated rind of a fresh lemon, 
and a stick of cinnamon ; beat the whites of six eggs to 
a stiff froth, stir them into the jelly; when cool set it on 
a moderate fire ; when hot sweeten to your taste. It 



258 COOKING AND BAKING. 

should boil slowly fifteen minutes. If the weather is hot 
it w^ill not keep over two days. 

Apple Jelly. 

Peel and stew some tart, juicy apples, strain them as 
for other jellies ; to one pint of juice add one pint of 
white sugar; boil very rapidly ten or fifteen minutes. 
Boil only a pint at a time. Flavor with peach or lemon. 

Lemon Jelly of Cooper's Isinglass. 

Pour a quart of boiling water on an ounce of Cooper's 
isinglass, a pound and a half of white sugar, and the 
juice and grated rind of two fresh lemons ; when the 
isinglass and sugar are dissolved stir the whole up well, 
let it simmer over a moderate fire for three or four min- 
utes, then strain it and mix with it a glass of white wine ; 
fill your jelly glasses and set where it will cool. If you 
wish a yellow color, use tincture of saifron. For red, 
use raspberry, elderberry, or currant juice. 

Grape Jelly. 

GrapcfS should be picked as soon as fully ripe. Bruise 
them and strain through thin muslin. The muslin should 
be thin enough to allow all of the pulp of the grape to 
be pressed through ; to one pint of the juice add one 
pint of sugar. Boil ten to fifteen minutes. 

Rhubarb Jelly. 

Peel, slice and stew the rhubarb, bruise some of the 



COOKING AND BAKING. 259 

stalks and take the juice, so as not to be obliged to put 
any water in to stew it. When tender, strain through 
muslin. To one pint of juice take one pint of white 
sugar and a little grated lemon. 

Currant Jelly. 

Pick fine ripe currants, but not too ripe. (The first 
or second week in July is the best time to make it in the 
vicinity of Chicago.) Bruise and strain them through 
thin strong muslin. To a pint of juice add a pint of 
white sugar, or, a pound of sugar to a pound of juice ; 
boil very briskly for eight or ten minutes. Pour into 
your jelly dishes. Never boil more than a pint of juice 
at a time. It will not jell as quick if too much is boiled 
at once. Have your currants dry when used for jelly. 

Siberian Crab Apple Jelly. 

Pick out the good ones, wash and stew them till 
quite tender; strain them through thin muslin; to a 
pint of juice add a pint of sugar and a little grated 
lemon peel. Boil ten minutes, pour into the jell dishes ; 
let it stand twelve hours before putting it away. 

Sweet Corn. 

Corn is in the best condition when the kernels are 
full-grown, and of a milky substance. It is much the 
sweetest when boiled on the cob ; boil it half an hour. 
For succotash, cut it from the cob, and boil it with 



260 COOKINa AND BAKING. 

beans, add a little butter and salt. If the beans are 
not very young and tender, boil the beans half an hour 
before putting in the corn. 

Asparagus. 

Take that which is very young and tender, boil in 
T\'ater with a little salt, as soon as it is tender add a lit- 
tle butter, and souse cream, or have ready a large slice 
of toast, put the asparagus on the toast, and pour some 
melted butter over it ; or, take a teacupful of the liquor 
in which the asparagus was boiled, and half a teacupful 
of milk, and one tablespoonful of butter, let them scald 
up and turn over the asparagus. 

String Beans. 

Cut off the ends and take off the strings, wash them 
clean, put them in a kettle with sufficient water to cover 
them ; boil them briskly one hour. Ten minutes before 
taking them out, add a little salt and some butter ; some 
cream or milk may be added if preferred. 

Boiled Cabbage. 

Take off all the green leaves, cut it in quarters and 
boil one hour; add a little salt and butter. It is very 
excellent boiled with corn beef, and will then not require 
any butter or salt. 

Cold Slaw. 

Take off the green leaves, cut it into small strips 



COOKING AND BAKING. 261 

with a cabbage-cutter or knife; to about a quart of the 
fine-cut cabbage, take a half a teacupful of sugar, half a 
teacupful of sweet cream, and half a cupful of vinegar. 

Hot Slaw. 

Melt in a frying pan a piece of butter the size of a 
hen's egg, or beef drippings. Put in the cabbage, and 
half a teacupful of water and a little salt ; boil twenty 
or thirty minutes ; when tender add half a teacupful of 
vinegar. 

Delicate Cake. 

Take half a pound of white sugar, and four ounces 
of butter ; mix butter and sugar to a cream ; then add 
the w^hites of eight eggs, well beaten ; stir in half a 
pound of sifted flour ; flavor to suit the taste ; bake im- 
mediately in a quick oven ; remove from the oven as soon 
as it is done, and frost it at once. The yelks of the 
eggs may be used for custard or gold cake. 

Boston Cup Cake. 

Three cups of sugar, one of butter, one of milk, five 
eggs, tw^o teaspoonfuls of cinnamon, one nutmeg, half a 
cup of wine, one teaspoonful of soda ; mix to the consis- 
tency of pound cake. 

Sponge Cake. 

• One teacup of sugar, one of flour, three eggs. Bake 
quickly. 



262 COOKING AND BAKING. 

Ginger Cake. 

Two eggs, one cup of sugar, half a cup of butter, 
half a cup of milk, three tablespoonfuls of molasses, one 
tablespoonful of ginger, one teaspoonful of soda, two 
and a half cups of flour. 

This is an excellent recipe. 

Cocoa- Nut Cake. 

Rasp a fresh cocoa-nut on a grater, add to it double 
its weight of fine white sugar, and the whites of eight 
eggs beaten to a stiff froth and a teacupful of flour for 
every pound ; put the mixture into small drop tins and 
bake them in a very gentle oven about twenty minutes ; 
move them out of the tins while warm. 

Gold Cake. 

Take the yelks of eight eggs, beat them to a froth. 
Take one cup of white sugar and three-quarters of a cup 
of butter ; stir the sugar and butter to a cream before 
adding to the eggs. Dissolve half a teaspoonful of soda 
in half a cup of milk ; one teaspoonful of cream of 
tartar mixed with tw^o cups of flour. Mix all together ; 
flavor with extract of lemon, or mace. Care must be 
taken to have the oven quite hot. 

Cup Cake. 

One cup of cream, two cups of sugar, three cups of 



COOKING AND BAKING. 263 

flour, half a teaspoonful of saleratus, four eggs, one tea- 
spoonful of brandy ; beat the sugar and eggs together, 
then dissolve the saleratus in the cream ; stir the cream 
as little as possible, mix all together, but no more ; the 
less you stir it the better the cake will be. Bake half 
an hour in a quick oven. 

Silver Cake. 

Two cups of fine white sugar, three-quarters of a cup 
of butter ; mix the sugar and butter to a cream, then add 
the whites of eight eggs beaten to a stiff froth ; dissolve 
half a teaspoonful of soda in three-quarters of a cup of 
sweet milk, one teaspoonful of cream of tartar mixed 
with three cups of sifted flour; stir all together a few 
moments. Flavor with lemon, peach or vanilla. Line 
your cake pan with buttered white paper ; bake imme- 
diately. If it browns too fast, cover with thick paper. 

Plain Cookies. 

One cup of sugar mixed with half a cup of butter 
and half a nutmeg ; dissolve a teaspoonful of soda in a 
spoonful of water stirred into a cup of sour milk ; mix 
all together, and add flour enough to roll out. Do not 
work it much. Bake quick. 

Rich Loaf Cake. 

* Mix a pound of sifted flour with a pint of lukewarm 
rnilk, a cup of good light yeast, and set it where it wuU 



264 COOKING AND BAKING, 

keep warm till risen. When light, take one pound of 
sugar and one pound of butter stirred to a cream, and 
work it into the dough, together with four eggs, the 
whites and yelks beaten separately to a froth ; a wine- 
glass of wine, one of brandy, a quarter of an ounce of 
mace, and a teaspoonful of cinnamon; add another 
pound of flour and two pounds of seeded raisins, quarter 
of a pound of citron ; let it rise, and bake. 

Rich Cookies. 

One pound of sugar, half a pound of butter, one 
teacup of water, one teaspoonful of soda ; boil the sugar 
in the water ; while hot add the butter ; when cold stir 
in flour enough to roll out ; bake in a quick oven. These 
will keep a long time. 

Cookies. 

One cup butter, two cups sugar, one cup of milk, two 
teaspoonfuls cream tartar, one teaspoonful soda, flour to 
roll out ; roll thin and cut in small cakes ; bake quickly. 
These are very good if not too stiff* and not worked 
much. 

Another. 

Same as above, adding two eggs, two tablespoonfuls 
of caraway seed, and some nutmeg ; mix, and bake same 
as above. 

Raised Doughnuts. 

Heat a pint of milk lukewarm, and stir into it a cup 



COOKING AND BAKING. 265 

of melted lard, and sifted flour, till it is thick batter, 
add a small cup of good yeast, and keep it warm till the 
batter is light, then work into it four beaten eggs, two 
cups of sugar, a teaspoonful of salt, and two of cinna- 
mon. When the whole is well mixed, knead in flour 
till about as stiff as biscuit-dough ; set it where it will 
keep warm, till of a spongy lightness, then roll the 
dough out, half an inch thick, and cut it into cakes two 
inches wide, and two or three inches long; let them 
remain a few minutes after rolling out, then fry them in 
a pot of three or four pounds of lard ; ^ the lard should 
be so hot that it will boil up around them as they are 
dropped in ; they will cook in four or five minutes ; the 
lard can be used again for the same purpose. 

Apple Fried Cakes. 

Two cups sweet milk, one cup sweet cream, half a 
teaspoonful of soda, heat together near boiling, yet not 
quite ; pour over one quart of flour ; the flour should be 
as near the scalding point as possible, yet not scalded. 
When cool enough so as not to scald the eggs, beat four 
eggs and stir in, with a little salt ; pare and slice cross- 
wise, one dozen mellow tart apples, dip them in the 
batter, and fry in hot lard ; the batter should be as thick 
as pancake batter. 

Fried Cakes. • 

Two cups of cream, one teaspoonful of soda, three 



266 COOKING AND BAKING. 

eggs, and a little salt, flour enough to roll out ; roll thin 
and fry in lard. 

Plain Crullers. 

Beat four eggs and mix with six tablespoonfuls of 
sugar and four spoonfuls of butter or lard. Dissolve 
half a teaspoonful of soda in half a cup of milk ; grate 
some nutmeg, mix all together, roll out and fry in lard. 

Rich Crullers. 

One cup of sugar, one cup of butter, six eggs, mix 
flour enough to roll out, cut them into shapes and fry 
them in hot lard ; the lard should be hot enough to boil 
up as the croUers are put in ; as soon as brown on the 
under side, turn over. When nicely browned on both 
sides they are done. 

Cocoa-Nut Cake. 

Beat to a cream two cups of fine white sugar and one 
of butter ; add five eggs beaten to a froth, half a tea- 
spoonful of soda, dissolved in a cup of sweet milk, one 
teaspoonful of cream of tartar stirred in five cups of 
flour ; grate the white part of one cocoa-nut. Bake in 
square pans ; have the batter one inch thick. 

Crullers. 

One cup of sugar, half a cup of cream, half a cup 
of butter, three eggs, half a teaspoonful of soda; stir 
flour in to make it stiff enough to roll out ; cut in strips, 
or any fanciful shape, and fry in fresh lard. 



COOKING AND BAKING. 267 

Black Fruit Cake. 

One pound of dark brown sugar, one of flour, one 
of butter, twelve eggs, two large spoonfuls of molasses, 
a wineglass of wine, one of French brandy, a teaspoon- 
ful of cloves, one of mace, two of allspice, and two of 
cinnamon, two pounds of raisins, two pounds of zante 
currants, and half a pound of citron ; stir the sugar and 
butter together, then add the eggs, the yelks and whites 
beaten separately. Flour the fruit to prevent its sink- 
ing to the bottom of the cake; stir all together ten 
minutes, bake in pans lined with w^hite paper, buttered. 
If the leaves are thick, let them bake from two to three 
hours ; the oven must not be too hot ; a brick oven is 
best. 

Greens. 

Beets, spinach, cowslip, young dandelions, water 
cresses, and the tops of small beets, are good for greens ; 
boil them with a little salt, in the water until they sink 
to the bottom. 

Lettuce. 

Take young, tender lettuce, wash clean, leave in the 
water about an hour; drain off the water and press 
it dry, add a little salt, pour over it some melted butter 
or lard and a little vinegar or take half a teacupful of 
sweet cream, one tablespoonful of sugar and four table- 
spoonfuls of vinegar ; mix well together and pour over 
the lettuce. 



268 COOKING AND BAKING. 

General Rules for Meat, 

To keep meat fresh in winter it should be packed in 
snow. It will keep for months if the snow does not 
melt ; set it in a cold place and keep it covered with 
plenty of snow. 

Meat that is frozen should be soaked in cold water 
before it is boiled or roasted, to take out the frost. Meat 
is improved by being kept a few days. Fresh meat will 
not keep long in hot weather, and should be packed in 
weak brine. 

Meat— Boiled. 

All kinds of meat are best if not boiled too fast. 
Put in hot water and boil gradually till done. Fresh 
meat requires less cooking than salt meats. As soon as 
it begins to boil take off the scum. In boiling fresh 
meat add one tablespoonful of salt to five pounds of 
meat, half a teaspoonful of pepper, a few leaves of 
parsley, one quart of w^ater. Add more w^ater as it boils 
down. Boil three hours over a moderate fire. 

Roast Meat. 

For five pounds of meat take one tablespoonful of 
salt, rub it on the meat ; put it into a dripping pan with 
a pint of water, add more w^ater as it cooks away, baste 
the meat often and turn it several times. Be careful not 
to burn it; have it a nice brown all around; stir two 
tablespoonfuls of flour into the drippings for gravy. If 



COOKIXG AND BAKING. 269 

too thick, add more -^'ater. Season -with pepper and 
parsley. 

Turnips. 

Peel them and cut in pieces if large, and boil one 
hour if young and tender ; if old boil longer. Pour oft' 
the water, add butter and salt and mash them fine. 
[Serve hot. 

Squash. 

Cut in large pieces, and bake in a hot oven till quite 
tender; scrape off the stringy part, then scrape that 
which is mealy and tender into a dish, mash it fine, add 
some salt, a little piece of butter, and cream. If it is 
not convenient to bake it, steam it. If squash is boiled 
in water, it should be placed in the oven a few minutes 
to dry before using it. 

Bests. 

Beets should not be cut or scraped before boiling. 
Wash clean and boil till quite tender, peel and cut in 
slices quarter of an inch thick, and put them in good 
vinegar with a little pepper sprinkled over the top. 

Parsnips. 

Scrape them and cut in two lengthwise; boil till 
tender; melt some butter in a frying-pan, skim the 
butter and put them into the frying-pan; fry them a 
nice brown and sprinkle a little salt over them. 



270 COOKING AND BAKT^a. 

Onions. 

Peel and boil in milk and water, with a little salt ; 
when tender take them up and butter them. 

Cauliflower. 

Boil nearly tender, then put it in good vinegar, or 
if to be eaten warm, boil in milk and water mixed, and 
a little salt. 

Tomatoes Stewed. 

Take six large, nice ripe tomatoes, pour boiling 
water over them, let them remain two or three minutes, 
then pour off the water, and peel the skins off, cut them 
in small pieces, boil them thirty minutes in a little 
water; when tender add two tablespoonfuls of sugar, 
one of butter and a few crackers. 

Tomatoes Baked. 

Peel as above, cut in thick slices, sprinkle a little 
salt and pepper over them ; bake in a quick oven twenty 
or thirty minutes. Serve to your taste. 

Tomato Sauce. 

Peel and cut in slices and serve with plenty of white 
sugar, or, add vinegar, a pinch of salt, the same of black 
pepper, and a little sugar. 

Tomato Catchup. 

Take one peck of ripe tomatoes, wash them clean, 



COOKING AND BAKING. 271 

and boil till tender; strain them through a coarse cloth, 
or a TN'ire seive, add two teacups of sugar, one teacup of 
ground allspice, and one of cinnamon, one tablespoonful 
of cloves, and one quart of good vinegar; boil all 
together one hour ; stir it constantly to prevent it burn- 
ing, bottle, and seal up tight for use. 

Tomato Preserves. 

Take ripe peeled tomatoes, (the small or cherry 
varieties are the best,) weigh your fruit, take as many 
pounds of white sugar as you have of fruit. To every 
five pounds add one lemon, or some lemon essence. Boil 
thirty or forty minutes. 

Potatoes. 

New potatoes are best when put into boiling water 
without peeling them. As soon as done, pour off the 
water and serve hot. They do not soak as much water 
without peeling as when they are peeled. If old, they 
are improved by turning off the water as soon as they 
are tender. 

Pork 8ausage» 

Take one-third fat and two-thirds lean of pork, chop 
it very fine. To forty pounds of meat add one pound of 
fine salt, four heaping tablespoonfuls of black pepper 
and four tablespoonfuls of sage rubbed fine. Or, a heap- 
ing tablespoonful of salt, half a teaspoonful of pepper 
and half a teaspoonftil of sage to one pound of pork. 



1^ 

272 COOKING AND BAKING. 

Fill casings that have been cleaned thoroughly. Sausages 
should be cooked slowly. 

Beef Sausage. 

Take two-thirds of beef and one-third of pork, chop 
it fine and season as pork sausage, make them into cakes 
aijd fry a nice brown. 

Bologna Sausage. 

Take equal parts of ham, beef and veal, chop it very 
fine and season with salt and pepper, cloves and allspice, 
fill some clean casings. 

To Cure Hams. 

In six or eight hours after the pork has been killed 
and the hams are cooled off, make a salt brine, strong 
enough to bear up an egg, make it boiling hot and pour 
over the hams that have been previously packed in a 
clean barrel or tub. The hot brine closes the pores of 
the meat and preserves the nutrition. 

Bread Pudding. 

One pint of bread crumbs, soaked in a quart of rich 
new milk, add two eggs well beaten, one tablespoonful 
of butter, two tablespoonfuls of sugar, one teacupful of 
raisins ; bake one hour in a hot oven ; to be served with 
sweet sauce. 

Sweet Sauce for Puddings. 

One tablespoonful of butter, two of sugar, and two 



COOKING AND BAKING. 273 

of flour; mix well together; grate some nutmeg over it, 
pour boiling water over it until it is about as thick as 
gravy. 

Common Plum Pudding. 

Beat together three-quarters of a pound of flour, the 
same quantity of raisins, six ounces of beef suet, finely 
chopped, a small pinch of salt, some grated nutmeg and 
three eggs, well beaten, with about a quarter of a pint 
of milk. Pour the whole into a buttered dish and bake 
an hour and a quarter. 

Another Plum Pudding. 

Mix a quarter of a pound of raisins and the same of 
currants, one pint of flour and three-quarters of a pint 
of milk, six ounces of chopped suet and three table- 
spoonfuls of molasses. Boil three hours. 

Unrivaled Plum Pudding. 

One and three-fourths pounds of currants, two and a 
half pounds of raisins, two pounds of sugar, two pounds 
of bread crumbs, sixteen eggs, two pounds of finely 
chopped suet, six ounces of candied peel, the rinds of 
two lemons, one ounce of grated nutmeg, one ounce of 
ground cinnamon, half an ounce of powdered bitter 
almonds, a half pint of brandy. Mix all the dry ingre- 
dients well together and moisten with the eggs, which 
should be well beaten. Stir in the brandy, and when all 
is thoroughly mixed, butter and flour a stout pudding 



274 coOKixa AND BAKrxa. 

cloth, put in the pudding, tie it down tightly, boil from 
six to eight hours and serve with brandy sauce. Half 
this quantity will do for a small family. 

Lemon Pudding. 

The juice and peel of two lemons, the peel to be 
rubbed off vwith lumps of sugar, six ounces of pounded 
loaf sugar, except \what has been used for the lemon peel, 
a good sized teacupful of bread crumbs ; whilst these are 
soaking, beat up four eggs, leaving out two of the whites, 
melt two ounces ^t)f fresh butter, and mix all the above 
ingredients together; edge and trim a dish with puff 
paste, and pour in the gtboyeimlxture and bake it in a 
quick oven for three quarters af ,an Jiour. 



SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 



Gruels. 

For a sick person various preparations of oatmeal, 
flour, &c., can at any time be made. When these are 
cooked nicely and prepared neatly they are very palatable 
to an invalid. 

Rice Gruel. 

Soak two tablespoonfuls of rice in cold water for half 
an hour. Turn off the water and to the rice add a pint 
or more of new milk, simmer slowly till the rice is soft 
and tender, then pulp it through a sieve and put milk in 
it. Warm it over the fire and add a little more milk 
gradually, pour off to cool, then it may be flavored with 
salt and sugar; in some cases white wine or sherry may 
be put in. 

Scraps. 

Be very neat and clean in all preparations for the 
sick. Every article of food must be served on snow- 
white cloths. A dirty saucer, tray or cloth is very irri- 
tating to the sick. Remember that a sheet soiled, or a 
pillow-case daubed by glasses, basins filled too full, is a 
perfect worry to the sick. 



276 SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 

Grue! Water. 

Mingle two tablespoonfuls of fresh oatmeal in two 
pints of water and place it over a good fire. When it is 
about to boil, take it from the fire and pour backward 
and forward from one pan into another. Then place it 
over the fire again, and when about to come to a boil it 
should be poured into a basin and left until it has settled. 
If thoroughly cooked it will not be necessary to steam 
it ; should it have lumps in it, steam through a hair sieve. 
Add a little salt to taste. 

Another. 

In a small quantity of cold water mix a little oatmeal, 
add enough water so as to make the whole put in one 
quart ; boil it very gently until it is sufficiently thick to 
be agreeable ; season either with sugar or salt. 

Bread Pap. 

Over white bread pour boiling water; then mash, 
strain and add new milk seasoned with sugar. 

Another Method. 

In a pint of water mix three tablespoonfuls of oat 
meal; when cleared, pour ofi*. To the oat meal put a 
pint of fresh water, mix well and leave till next day ; 
strain the liquor through a sieve and place it over a good 
fire. While it is warming add about half as much milk, 
and when about to boil take it off and put it in a basin 
till it is cool. Flavor with salt or sugar. 



SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 277 

Oat-Meal Pap. 

Add one-third of unboiled new milk to two-thirds of 
water gruel when cool ; warm it well, and flavor with 
salt or sugar. 

Let every article of food intended for the sick be well 
and carefully prepared with due regard to its appearance. 
Fat is always disagreeable to the sick. 

Millet Milk. 

In cold water wash three tablespoonfuls of millet 
seed, and put in one quart of new milk ; simmer gently 
until it is moderately thick ; to cool, pour in a basin, 
and use salt or sugar for flavoring. 

Ground-Rice Milk. 

With new milk mix a large spoonful of ground rice 
to form a batter. Set a pint of new milk over the fire ; 
when boiling hot mix it in the batter, and continue stir- 
ring it one way until thick, yet let it not boil ; let it 
cool in a basin, and flavor with salt or sugar. 

Rice Milk. 

Put clean rice in a little water, and put over a good 
fire; add some milk to form the whole into a proper 
consistency ; use salt or sugar for flavoring. 

Sago. 

In cold water put a tablespoonful of sago for half an 
hour, then turn off the water and add some fresh ; boil 



278 SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 

gently until the quantity is about half as large, then put 
it into a basin and leave it to cool. Use sugar, salt or 
-wine, according to taste. 

Barley Water. 

Add three pints of water to about a handful of barley ; 
when cooked gently to a proper thickness, strain it, and 
flavor with sugar and salt. 

Apple Water. 

Four or five ripe apples sliced into a jug with some 
boiling water on it, and when cool and seasoned with 
sugar makes a good drink. 

Toast and Water. 

Toast a slice of new bread quite brown, yet do not 
burn it, then put it in a jug of hot water; when cold 
remove the bread and use the water. Burnt bread spoils 
the drink. 

Lemon Water. 

Put two or three slices of lemon, with a lump of 
sugar and a spoonful of capillaire into a covered jug, 
and pour to this a pint of boiling water. For two or 
three hours keep closed. This forms a very fine drink 
for a patient afflicted with fever. 

Jelly — Sago. 

Boil a teacupful of sago in four pints of water, till it 
is quite thick ; after it is cool, pour in it a pint of 



SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 279 

raspberry juice, pressed from new fruit, or perhaps half 
as much of syrup of raspberry, put in enough sugar to 
sweeten it, boil fast for five minutes and put into a shape 
which has been steeped in cool water, add a little cream 
over the jelly. 

The smaller the quantity and the greater the variety, 
the more acceptable will it be to the sick. Do not leave 
food near the patient's bedside, if it is not wanted ; carry 
it away, as leaving it will only make it distasteful. 

Jelly— Chicken. 

Take quite a large fowl, and place it into a pan with 
about two quarts of water, one blade of mace, one onion, 
and some salt, reduce it to three pints by boiling, strain 
it and leave it until next day ; take oif the fat very clean, 
take the whites of six eggs, one-half ounce of isinglass, 
the juice of two lemons, beat them well together, bring 
the scum to the top by boiling, let it settle for a few min- 
utes, then strain it through a jelly bag. This is claimed 
to be one of the most invigorating preparations that is 
known. It may be taken cold or warm, just as it suits 
the patient best. 

Tapioca Jelly. 

The tapioca must first be well washed in three or four 
waters, then again soaked in fresh water for five hours, 
aiid placed over a gentle fire till quite clear; lemon juice, 
wine, and sugar may be added. 



280 SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 



Mulled Egg. 

Beat the yelk of a fresh egg in a teacup, add some 
milk and sugar or cream, then fill the cup with tea or 
coffee, at the same time stirring it well to prevent the 
egg from coagulating. This forms a very good break- 
fast for an invalid. It is quite nutritious and light, 
without creating heat. 

Chicken Panada, 

Skin a fowl, cut it to pieces, but leave the breast 
whole, boil it gently in some water, not too much, till it 
is perfectly tender, pick the meat from bones, pound it 
very fine in a mortar, and mix it with the water in which 
it was boiled ; put it through a sieve and season it with 
salt. 

Beef Tea. 

Take two pounds of the best beefsteak, cut it in 
very small pieces and put in a bottle, pour enough cold 
water over it to cover the meat, then cork the bottle and 
put it into a pan of water for several hours, by which 
time the best of the meat will be extracted. This then 
is the best essence of beef. It is very nutritious and 
wholesome, to which the writer's experience will testify. 

Rabbits Stewed in Milk. 

Take two teaspoonfuls of flour and a little milk and 
make into a smooth paste; then add, perhaps, nearly a 



SICK-ROOM COOKERY. 2S1 

quart of new fresh milk; cut up into small pieces two 
quite young rabbits ; put into a stew-pan with the milk 
a blade of mace, some salt and pepper ; stir from time 
to time and boil gently for about half an hoar. It may 
be eaten either hot or cold just as it suits the taste of 
the patient. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 



A competent knowledge of the laws of the society in 
which we live, is the proper accomplishment of every 
gentleman and scholar. As every person is interested 
in the preservation of the laws of his country, it is 
incumbent upon every man to be acquainted, at least with 
those with which he is immediately concerned. This 
should apply in a measure to every man in the country ; 
and I think w^e can safely say that the form of American 
government and universal suffrage demands that the 
citizen of the States shall be educated, to a reasonable 
degree, in the Constitution and laws of the country. 

In the limited space of this department we cannot 
enter into a discussion of those legal principles upon 
which the laws of the country are based, or into the 
principles of self-government. The common rules and 
legal forms in general and constant use in the ordinary 
transactions of business life, are only given. Every legal 
form in this book has been carefully prepared, and it is 
hoped they will commend themselves, so far as they go, 
to the busy and earnest men, in whose interest they have 
been prepared. 

There is a work sold by the Western Publishing 
House, at Chicago, called ^ ^American Commercial Law," 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 283 

by Chamberlin, which contains full and accurate infor- 
mation upon thousands of business matters. It is not 
merely a work for entertaining and instructive reading, 
but it is a book for constant reference and every-day use. 
On a single point it will often save from ten to fifteen 
times its cost, and should be in every office, every store, 
in the hands of every mechanic and every family in the 
country. It is simply a matter of economy to possess 
it. There is scarcely a week in the business of any man 
in which some question or other does not come up, in 
regard to which a correct understanding of those princi- 
ples of law which this book explains w^ould save much 
anxiety, embarrassment and very frequently financial 
ruin. 

Legal Principles in Merchantile Law. 

The following general rules are worthy of preserva- 
tion: 

1st. That which is originally void, does not by 
lapse of time become valid. 

2d. A personal right of action dies with the 
person. 

3d. The law compels no one to do impossibilities. 

4th. No one shall be twuce vexed for one and the 
same cause. ^ 

5th. The greater contains the less. 

6th. The law favors things which are in the 
custody of the law. 



284 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

7th. The husband and wife are one person. 

8th. Every act shall be taken most strongly against 
the maker. 

9th. When tTO titles occur the elder should be 
preferred. 

10th. Agreement overrules the law. 

11th. He who derives the advantage ought to sus- 
tain the burden. 

12th. No man shall take advantage of his own 
wrong. 

13th. When the right is equal, the claim of the 
party in actual possession shall prevail. 

14th. He has the better title who was first in the 
point of time. 

15th. A right of action cannot arise out of fraud. 

16th. It is fraud to conceal fraud. 

17th. The law assists those who are vigilant, and 
not those who sleep over their rights. 

18th. Ignorance of the law excuses no one. 

19th. Who does not oppose vfhat he might oppose, 
seems to consent. 

20th. When contrary laws come in question the 
inferior law must yield to the superior ; the law general 
to the law special; an old law to a new law; man's law 
to God's law. 

21st. If there is any other legal principle which I 
have not mentioned it is embraced in this: ''Do unto 
others as you would wish them to do unto you." 



LEGAL DEPARTxMENT. 285 

Forms of Contracts or Agreements. 

Every agreement should be written and signed by 
both parties, and witnessed, where this can be done ; 
although the law absolutely requires witnesses in very 
few cases, and in none of mere contract. 

It is prudent, however, to have them, for it is a rule 
of law, that things which cannot be proved and things 
which do not exist, are the same in law. Everything 
agreed upon should be written out distinctly, and care 
should be taken to say all that is meant, and just what 
is meant, and nothing else, for it is a rule of law that no 
oral testimony shall control a written agreement, unless 
fraud can be proved. Against fraud nothing stands. 

A Genera! Agreement— Mutual Agreement of Two. 

A. B. (give place of residence, and business or pro- 
fession), and C. D. of (as before), have agreed together, 
at (place), on (the day should always be named), and do 
hereby promise and agree to and with each other, as 
follows : A. B., in consideration of the promises herein- 
after made by C. D. (if there are any such promises), 
and of (here state any other consideration which A. B. 
has), promises and agrees to and with C. D., that (here 
set forth, as above directed, the whole of what A. B. 
undertakes to do.) 

And C. D., in consideration (set forth consideration 
and promise as before.) 



286 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

Witness our hands to two copies of this agreement 
interchangeably. A. B. 

CD. 

Signed and inxercangedin f R. W. 

presence of ( E. G, 

Tenant's Agreement. 

This is to certify that I have hired of John Long, of 
the Village of Plainfield, in the County of Will, and State 
of Illinois, a house and lot known as number twenty- 
three, in the Village of Plainfield aforesaid, for the term 
of one year, from the first day of July, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-three, at the yearly rent of 
two hundred dollars, payable quarter-yearly. And I 
hereby promise to make punctual payment of the rent 
in manner aforesaid, and quit and surrender the prem- 
ises at the expiration of said term, in as good state and 
condition as reasonable use and wear thereof will permit, 
damages by the elements excepted, and engage not to 
let or underlet the whole or any part of said premises, 
without the written consent of the landlord, under the 
penalty of forfeiture and damages ; and also not to occupy 
the said premises for any business deemed extra hazard- 
ous without the like consent under the like penalty 

Given under my hand and seal, the ninth of August, 

one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three. 

John Rice, [seal.] 

_. f Peter Bond, 

Witness, < 

\ Jacob Jones. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 287 



Landlord's Agreement. 

This is to certify that I have let and rented unto 
John Rice, of the Village of Plainfield, in the County of 
Will, and State of Illinois, my house and lot, known as 
number twenty-three, in the Village of Plainfield afore- 
said, for the term of one year from the first day of July, 
one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, at the 
yearly rent of two hundred dollars, payable quarter- 
yearly. The premises are not to be used or occupied 
for any business deemed extra hazardous on account of 
fire ; nor shall the same, or any part thereof, be let or 
underlet without the written consent of the landlord, 
under the penalty of forfeiture and damages. 

Given under my hand and seal the ninth day of 

August, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three. 

John Long. 
Peter Bond, 



'•{ 



Witness, . j^^^g j^^^^^ 

Letter of Credit. 

This is a letter frequently given by a person of 
known responsibility to a friend, to enable that friend 
to procure goods on time. It is usually somew^hat in 
this form: (See form Letter Credit.) 

An Agreement 

for making a quantity of manufactured articles. 

Articles of agreement between (the buyer) of 

the one part and of the other part. 



288 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

The said — (the manufacturer) for the consider- 
ation herein after mentioned doth covenant that he will, 

at his own charge, make for the said. (describe the 

articles to be made) of the same quality of materials 
and goodness, as, and in all other respects according to 

a pattern agreed between the said parties [ ], and 

deliver the same to the said at within months 

from the date hereof. And the said ...in considera- 
tion thereof doth covenant to pay to the said at the 

rate of. after months from the delivery of 

the said.... as aforesaid. And it is agreed, that if 

any of the said shall not be made agreeable to 

the said pattern, and for that reason shall be rejected 

by the said .he the said. ...... ..shall take back such 

as shall be so refused, and deliver the said the 

like quantity of the goodness and make, according to 
the pattern aforesaid. 

In witness whereof, &c., 

(Signature.) [seal.] 

Agreement for Hiring a Clerk or a Workman. 

This agreement, made this first day of September, 
one thousand eight hundred and seventy three, between 
P. Y. Dundore, of the Village of Plainfield, in the County 
of Will, in the State of Illinois, of the first part, and 
George Taber of the same place aforesaid, of the second 
part. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 289 

Witnesseth, that the said George Taber, has agreed 
to enter the service of said P. Y. Dundore, as clerk 
(or workman), and covenants and agrees, to and with 
the said P. Y. Dundore, that he will faithfully, honestly, 
and diligently, apply himself, and perform the duties of 
a clerk, (or workman), in the store, (or shop), of said 
P. Y. Dundore, and faithfully obey all the reasonable 
wishes and commands, of said P. Y. Dundore, for and 
during the space of one year from the first day of Sep- 
tember, for the compensation of five hundred dollars per 
annum, payable quarterly. 

And the said P. Y. Dundore, covenants with the said 

George Taber, that he will receive him as his clerk, (or 

workman), for the term of one year aforesaid, and will 

pay him for his service as such clerk, (or workman), the 

sum of five hundred dollars per annum, in quarter 

yearly payments. 

We witness our hand and seal. 

[seal.] 

[seal.] 

Agreement for Copartnership. 

Articles of copartnership, made this twenty-second 
day of September, in the year one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-three, between John Jones, of the first, 
and Charles Dickens, of the second part, both of Chicago, 
in the County of Cook, State of Illinois. 

It is the intention of said parties to form a copartn^er- 
ship for the purpose of carrying on; the business of , 



290 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

for which purpose they have agreed on the foilowing 
terms, to the faithful performance of which they mutu- 
ally bind and engage themselves to each other, his execu- 
tors and administrators : 

First. The style of copartnership shall be (and 

Company), and it shall continue for the term of ten years 
from the above date, except in case of death of either 
of said parties within the said term, or earlier mutual 
agreement to dissolve. 

Second. The said John Jones and Charles Biekens 
are proprietors of the stock, a schedule of which is con- 
tained in their stock book, in the proportion of five 
hundred to the said John Jones, and seven hundred to 
the said Charles Dickens ; and the said owners shall con- 
tinue to be owners of their joint stock in the same 
proportions ; and in case of any additions being made to 

to the same, the said John Jones shall advance , and 

the said Charles Dickens of the cost thereof. 

Third. All profits which may accrue to said partner- 
ship shall be divided, and all loss happening to said firm, 
whether from bad debts, or depreciation of goods, or any 
other cause, and all expenses of the business, shall be 
borne by the said parties in the aforesaid proportions of 
their interest in the said stock. 

'Fourth. The said Charles Dickens shall devote and 
give all his time and attention to the business of the said 
firm, as a junior member, and generally to the care and 
superintendence of the house; and the said John Jones 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 291 

shall devote so much of his time as may be requisite in 
advising, overseeing and directing the said business. 

Fifth. All the purchases, sales, transactions, and 
accounts, of the said firm, should be kept in regular 
books, which shall be always open to the inspection of 
both parties, and their legal representatives. An account 
of stock shall be taken, and an account between said 
parties shall be settled as often as once in two years 
....,...., and as much oftener as either party may desire 
and, in writing, request. 

Sixth. Neither of said parties shall subscribe any 
bond, sign, or endorse, any note of hand, accept, sign, 
or endorse, any draft or bill of exchange, or assume any 
other liability, verbal or written, either in his own name, 
or the name of the firm, for the accommodation of any 
other person or persons whatsoever, without the consent 
in writing of the other party ; nor, shall either party 
lend any of the funds of the copartnership without such 
consent of the other partner. 

Seventh. No importation, or large purchase of stock 
property, shall be made, nor any transaction out of the 
usual course of the business be undertaken, by either of 
the partners, without previous consultation and the 
approbation of the other partner. 

Eighth. Neither party shall withdraw from the joint 
stock, at any time more than his share of the profits of the 
business there earned, nor shall either party be entitled 
to his share of the capital, but if, at the expiration of 



292 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

the year, a balance of profits be found due to either 
partner, he shall be at liberty to withdraw the said 
balance, or to leave it in the business, provided the other 
partner consent thereto, and in that case he shall be 
allowed interest on the said balance. 

Ninth, At the expiration of the aforesaid or earlier 
dissolution of this copartnership, if the said parties, or 
their legal representatives, cannot agree in the division 
of the stock then on hand, the whole copartnership effects, 
except the debts due to the firm, shall be sold at public 
auction, at which both parties shall be at liberty to bid 
and purchase like other individuals, and the proceeds 
shall be divided after payment of the debts of the firm, 
in the proportions aforesaid. 

Tenth, For securing the performance of the foregoing 
agreements, it is agreed that either party, in the case of 
any violation of them, or either of them, by the other, 
shall have the right to dissolve this partnership forthwith, 
on his becoming informed thereof, and also to recover 
his damages for such violation. 

In witness whereof, we the said John Jones and 
Charles Dickens, have hereunto set our hands, the day 
and year above written. 
Executed in the fL. M. 
presence of i C. Y. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 293 

A Brief Buiiding Contract. 

Contract for building made this day of 

one thousand eight hundred and by and between 

, of in the county of. and of 

in the county of builder. And the said 

covenant and agrees to and with the said 

to make, erect, build, and finish in a good substantial 

manner, upon situate said to 

be built agreeable to the draught, plans, explanations 
or specifications furnished or to be furnished to said 

by of good and substantial materials, 

and to be finished and complete on or before the 

day of And said covenant and agrees to 

pay to said for the same dollars, as follows: 

Security against mechanics', or other lien, is to be 

furnished by said prior to payment by said 

, and for the performance of all and every one 

of the articles and agreements above mentioned, the said 

and do hereby bind themselves, their 

heirs, executors and administrators, each to the other, in 
the penal sum of. dollars, firmly by these presents. 

In witness whereof, we, the said and 

have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above wTitten. 

(Signatures.) [SEALS.] 

Executed and delivered in ) 
the presence of, J 



294 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

General Contract for Mechanics' Work. 

Contract made this day of A. D. 18..., by and 

between of of the first part, and of of 

the second part : 

Witnesseth, That the party of the first part, for the 
consideration hereinafter mentioned, covenants and agrees 
with the party of the second part [to perform in a faithful 
and workmanlike manner, the following specified work, 
viz : And in addition to the above to become responsible 
for all materials delivered and receipted for. The work to 

be commenced and to be completed and delivered, 

free from mechanic or other liens, on or before the 

day of ]. And the party of the second part cove- 
nants and agrees, with the party of the first part, in 
consideration of the faithful performance of the above 
specified work, to pay the party of the first part the sum 
of dollars, as follows: 

And it is further mutually agreed by and between 
both parties, that in case of disagreement in reference to 
the performance of said work, all questions of disagree- 
ment shall be referred t-o , and the award of said 

referees, or a majority of them, shall be binding and final 
on all parties. 

In witness whereof, we hereunto set our hands and 
seals on the day and year first above written. 

John B. [seal.] 
Executed in pres- f W. E. W. James L. [seal.] 

ence of 



JW. E.W 
\ R. B. D, 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 295 



Power to Collect Debts. 

Know all men, that I, Ira Jones, of the City of 
Aurora, in the County of Kane and State of Illinois, 
have made, constituted and appointed, and by these 
presents do make, constitute and appoint William King, 
of the same place, my true and lawful attorney, for me, 
and in my name, place and stead, to demand, ask, sue 
for, collect and receive all sums of money, debts, rents, 
dues, accounts and demands of every kind, nature and 
description whatever, which are due, owing or payable 
to me from any person or persons whomsoever, and to 
give good and sufficient receipts, acquittances and dis- 
charges therefor; giving and granting unto my said 
attorney full power and authority to do and perform all 
and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and neces- 
sary to be done in and about the premises, as fully, to 
all intents and purposes, as I might or could do if per- 
sonally present, with full power of substitution and 
revocation, hereby ratifying and confirming all that my 
said attorney or his substitute shall lawfully do or cause 
to be done by virtue hereof. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my band 
and seal this fifth day[of September, one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-three. 

Ira Jones, [seal.] 

Sealed and delivered ) Robert Wright, 



in the presence of j George Tabor. 



[ 



296 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

Form of Letter of Credit. 

JoLiET, 111., November 20, 1873, 
Messrs. G. K Chittenden & Co., Joliet^ III : 

Gentlemen — Please deliver to John Long, of this 
place, goods, silks and merchandise, to any amount not 
exceeding five hundred dollars, and I will hold myself 
accountable to you for the payment of the same, in case 
Mr. Long should fail to make payment therefor. You 
will please notify me of the amount for which you may 
give him credit; and if default should be made in the 
payment, let me know it immediately. 

I am, gentlemen, your most obedient servant, 

George King. 

Power to Sell and Convey Real Estate. 

Know all men by these presents, that I, Ira Jones, 
of the City of Aurora, in the County of Kane, and State 
of Illinois, have made, constituted and appointed, and by 
these presents do make, constitute and appoint William 
King, of the same place, my true and lawful attorney, 
for me, and in my name, place and stead, to enter into, 
and take possession of all the real estate belonging to me, 
situate in the City of Aurora, in the County of Kane, and 
State of Illinois, and to bargain, sell, grant, convey and 
confirm, the whole or any part thereof, for such price or 
sum of money, or on such terms as he may think best, 
and for me and in my name to make, execute, acknowledge 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 297 

and deliver unto the purchaser or purchasers thereof, 
good and sufficient conveyances, with warranty of the 
same; and to demand, receive and collect all sums 
of money which shall become due and payable to me 
by reason of such sale or sales; giving and granting 
unto my said attorney full powxr and authority to do and 
perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite 
and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as 
fully, to all intents and purposes, as I might or could do 
if personally present, with full power of substitution or 
revocation, hereby ratifying and confirming all that my 
said attorney or his substitute shall lawfully do or cause 
to be done by virtue hereof. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and 
seal this fifth day of September, one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-three. 

Ira Jones, [seal.] 
Sealed and delivered in ) Robert Wright. 
presence of j George Tabor. 

Brief General Form of a Will. 

I, John Richards, of Joliet, in the State of Illinois, 
hereby make this, my last w411 and testament : 

First, I direct that my just debts be paid by execu- 
tors hereinafter named, as soon after my death as may 
by them be found convenient. 

• Second, I give to my wife the dwelling house and 
land connected therewith and now occupied by us as a 



298 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

homestead, and all the furniture, pictures, ornaments, 
&c., contained therein, and used by us in connection 
therewith ; fifteen shares of stock of the Chicago, Alton 
and St. Louis Railroad Company. 

Third. I give to my son James all my real estate in 
Plainfield, and §10,000 in cash. 

Fourth. I give to my daughter Jane all my stock in 
the First National Bank of Joliet, and four thousand 
dollars in cash, to be held by her sole and separate use, 
and to the use of her heirs and assigns, free from the 
interference and control of her husband. 

Fifth. I give to my daughter Lucy a life estate in 
my farm in Plainfield, and ihree cows, four yoke of 
oxen and two horses now on said farm, and all the tools, 
implements and utensils us^d in working the same, and 
three thousand dollars in cash. 

Sixth. I hereby appoint my son James to be execu- 
tor of this will. 

In testimony whereof I hereto set my hand, this 5th 

day of September, A. D. 1873. 

John Richards. 

Signed and published as his last will by the said 
John Richards, in the presence of us, who, in his pres- 
ence, and in the presence of each other, have hereto 
subscribed our names as witnesses. 

Amos Rose, Joliet street, Joliet. 

George Woodward, Joliet. 

Amos King, Joliet. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 299 

Assignment. 

Brief form of an assignment to be indorsed on a note, 
or any similar promise or agreement : 

I hereby, for value received, assign, and transfer the 

within written (or the above written) , together 

with all my interest in and all my rights under the same, 
to (name of the assignee). 

(Signature.) 

General Form of Assignment. 

Know all men by these presents, that I, T. L. Hains, 
within named, in consideration of fifty dollars, to me in 
hand paid, by E. D. Einsel, of the City of Lafayette, in 
the County of Tipeconoe, and State of Indiana, the receipt 
whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold and assigned 
and by these presents, do sell and assign, to the said 
E. D. Einsel, the within instrument in writing, and all 
my right, title and interest, in and to the same, author- 
izing him, in my name or otherwise, but at his own 
expense, to enforce the same according to the tenor 
thereof. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand 
and seal, this first day of» September, one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-three. 

In the presence of. 

[seal.] 



300 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 



Form of Affidavit. 

An affidavit is a written statement, subscribed by the 
party making it, and sworn to and affirmed before the 
the proper officer. 
State of Illinois. 
County of Will. 
Charley Freizer, of the town of Plainfield, in the 
county and state aforesaid, being duly sworn, says (here 
state the facts,) and further says not. 

Charles Freizer. 
Sworn to, this tenth day of September, A. D., 1873, ) 
before me E. Corbin, Commissioner of Deeds. J 



;rois, 1 

-.„ MO wit 

ill, j 



Bill or Draft at a certain time after date. 

?1,150.00 Chicago, September 10th, 1873. 

Thirty days after date pay to the order of CD. Hill, 
one thorusand one hundred and fifty dollars. 

Value received and charge the same to account of. 
Yours, &c., 

Sol. Schavab, Chicago, 111. 
To J. L. Rocky, Chicago, 111. 

Check or Draft on a Bank. 

No. 84. Chicago, September 11th, 1873. 

Cashier of the Bank of Chicago : 

Pay to G. C. Knoble, or bearer, three hundred and 
fifty dollars. 
^350. . C. Dale Armstrong. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 801 

Short Form of Mortgage with Power of Sale. 

This indenture, made the eighth day of November, 
in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
three, between John Lowe, of the Town of Plainfield, in 
the County of Will and State of Illinois, of the first part, 
and Richard Janes, of the Village of Crete, in the County 
of Kane and State of Illinois, of the second part ; 

Witnesseth, That the said party of the first part, in 
consideration of the sum of one thousand dollars, lawful 
money of the United States, to him duly paid, has sold, 
and by these presents does grant and convey, to the said 
party of the second part, all that certain piece or parcel 
of land situate in the town of, &c., [here describe the 
land], with the appurtenances, and all the estate, title 
and interest of the said party of the first part therein. 

This grant is intended as a security for the payment 
of one thousand dollars, on the first day of January, one 
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, with interest 
thereon, payable semi-annually, at the rate of seven per 
cent, per annum, which payment, if duly made, will 

render this conveyance void. And if default shall be 

t/ 

made in the payment of the principal or interest above 
mentioned, then the said party of the second part, and 
his assigns, are hereby authorized to sell the premises 
above granted, or so much thereof as will be necessary 
to satisfy the amount then due, with the costs and 
expenses allowed by laAv. 
In witness whereof, &c. 



302 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

Mortgage to Secure a Note. 

This indenture, made the tenth day of October, in 
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-three, between John Lowe, of Aurora, in the 
County of Kane, in the State of Illinois, of the first 
part, and Alfred Wagner, of the Town of Wheatland, 
in the County of Will, and the State of Illinois, of the 
second part: Witnesseth, that the said party of the 
first part, in* consideration of the sum of five hundred 
dollars, lawful money of the United States, to him in 
hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, 
hath granted, bargained, sold, aliened, remised, released, 
conveyed and confirmed, and by these presents doth 
grant, bargain, still, alien, remise, release, convey, and 
confirm, unto the said party of the second part and to 
his heirs and assigns forever, all that piece, or parcel 
of land, &c., [here describe the property mortgaged], 
together with all and singular, the tenements, heredita- 
ments, and appurtenances, thereunto belonging or in 
any wise appertaining, and the reversion, and reversions, 
remainder and remainders, rents, issues, and profits, 
thereof; and also all the estate, right, title interest, 
claim and demand whatsoever, as well in law as in 
equity, of the said party of the first part, of, in, and to 
the same. To have and to hold, the above granted and 
described premises, with the appurtenances, unto the 
said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns, to 
his and their own proper use, benefit, and behoof, for 



LEGAL DEPARTMEXT. 303 

ever: Provided always^ and these presents are upon 
this condition, that if the said party of the first part, 
shall well and truly pay his certain promissory note, 
hearing even date herewith given to the said party of 
the second part for the sum of five hundred dollars, 
lawful money as aforesaid, according to the tenor of 
said note, then these presents shall become void, and 
the estate hereby granted shall cease and utterly deter- 
mine. 

In witness whereof, the said party of the first part 
to these presents has hereunto set his hand and seal, the 
day and year first above written. 

John Lowe, [seal.] 
Sealed and delivered in | John Smith, 
the presence of J James Jones. 

Bond for the Payment of Mone 

Know all men by these presents, that I, Will Canton, 
of the Town of Osw^ego, in the County of Kendle, and 
the State of Illinois, am held and firmly bound unto 
Tonny Tomphson, of the Town of Plainfield, in the 
County of Will, and the State of Illinois, in the sum of 
two thousand five hundred dollars, lawful money of the 
United States, to be paid to the said Tonny Tomphson, 
his executors, administrators or assigns^ for which pay- 
ment well and truly to be made, I bind myself, my heirs, 
executors and administrators, and each of them, firmly 
by these presents. 



301 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

Sealed with my seal, dated the first of October, one 
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three. 

The condition of the above obligation is such, that 
if the above bounden Will Canton, or his heirs, execu- 
tors or administrators, shall well and truly pay, or cause 
to be paid, unto the above named Tonny Tomphson, 
his executors, administrators or assigns, the just and full 
sum of fifteen hundred dollars on the first day of July 
nextj with interest thereon at the rate of seven per cent, 
per annum, then the above obligation to be void, other- 
wise to remain in full force and virtue. 

Will Canton, [seal.] 

Sealed in the pres- ) WiNT. Right. 



( VY 



ence of J F. R. Tobias 



Bonds for a Deed. 



Know all men, &c. [as in the preceding]. 

Now the condition of this obligation is such tnat if 
the bounden obligor shall, on the tenth day of July next, 
make, execute and deliver unto the said Tonny Tomph- 
son, (provided the said Tonny Tomphson shall, on or 
before that day, have paid to the said obligor the sum of 
fifteen hundred dollars, the price by said Tonny Tomph- 
son agreed to be paid therefor), a good and sufiicient 
.conveyance in fee simple, with the usual covenants, of 
all that certain piece or parcel of land [here describe the 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 305 

land], then the obligation to be void; otherwise to 
remain in full force, virtue and effect. 

Will. Canton, [seal.] 
Sealed and delivered inlWiNT. Right, 
the presence of J F. R. Tobias. 

Simple Deed, without Warranty. 

This indenture, made the fifth day of November, in 
the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty, between 
John Gage, of the City of Chicago, in the County of Cook, 
and State of Illinois, of the first part, and Jamea 
Richards, of the same place, of the second part: 

Witnesseth, that the said John Gage, for and in con- 
sideration of one thousand dollars, lawful money of the 
United States, to him in hand paid by the said James 
Richards, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, 
hath granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents 
doth grant, bargain, sell, convey and confirm, unto the 
said James Richards, his heirs, executors, administrators 
and assigns forever, all and singular that certain piece or 
parcel of land situate in the Town of Lockport, in the 
County of Will, and State of Illinois, [here describe the 
land,] together with all and singular the tenements, 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging ; 
and the reversions, remainders, rents, issues and profits 
thereof, and all the estate, title and interest of the said 
John Gage, to the said premises, or any part thereof. 



306 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand 
and seal, this fifth day of November, one thousand eight 
hundred and sixty. 

John Gage, [seal.] 
Sealed and delivered in | John Smith. 
presence of j James Jones. 

Simple DeW, with Warrarfty. 

This indenture, made the tenth day of September, 
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy-three, between Jacob Musselman, in the Town of 
Wheatland, in the County of Will, and State of Illinois, 
of the first part, and Elmer Emory, of the same place, 
of the second part : 

Witnesseth, that the said party of the first part, for 
and in the consideration of the sum of eight thousand 
dollars, lawful money of the United States, to him duly 
paid before the delivery hereof, hath bargained and sold, 
and by these presents doth grant and convey to the said 
party of the second part, his heirs and assigns forever, 
all that certain pieee Qr parcel of land lying and being, 
&c., Piere describe the land, its location, &c.,] together 
with all and singular the tenements, hereditaments and 
appurtenances, and all the estate, title and interests of 
the said party of first part therein ; and the said party 
of the first part doth hereby covenant and agree with the 
said party of second part, that at the time of the delivery 
thereof, the said party of iho first part is the lawful 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 307 

owner of the said premises above granted, and seized 
thereof in fee simple absolute, and that he will warrant 
and defend the above granted premises in the quiet and 
peaceable possession of the said party of the second part, 
his heirs and assigns forever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and 
seal the day and year above written. 

Jacob Musselman. [seal.] 
Sealed and delivered in)AL. Corbin. 
presence of j Will. Chit. 

Quit-Ctaim Deed by Husband and Wife. 

This indenture, made the tenth day of April, in the 
year one thousand eight hundred and sixty, between 
John Lowe, of the City of Joliet, in the County of Will, 
and State of Illinois, and Susan, his wife, parties of 
the first part, and Richard Rowe, of the Town of Jack- 
son, in the County of Cook, and State of Illinois, party 
of the second part. 

Witnesseth, that the said parties of the first part, 
for and in consideration of the sum of two thousand 
dollars, lawful money of the United States, to them in 
hand paid by the said party of the second part, at or 
before the ensealing of these presents, the receipt 
whereof is hereby acknowledged, have remised, released, 
and quit-claimed, and by these presents, do remise, 
release, and quit-claim unto the said party of the second 



308 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

part and to his heirs and assigns, forever, all that cer- 
tain piece or parcel of land lying and being situated in 
the town, &c., [here describe the land], together with all 
and singular the tenements, hereditaments, and appur- 
tenances thereunto belonging, or in anywise appertain- 
ing, and the reversion, and reversions, remainder and 
remainders, rents, issues, and profits thereof; and also 
all the estate, right, title, interest, dower, and right of 
dower, property possession, claim, and demand whatso- 
ever, as well in law as in equity, of the said parties of 
the first part of, in, or to the above described premises, 
and every part and parcel thereof with the appurtenan- 
ces. To have and to hold all and singular the above 
mentioned and described premises, together with the 
appurtenances, unto the said party of the second part, 
his heirs, and assigns, forever. 

In witness whereof, the said parties of the first part 
have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and 
year first above written. 

John Low^e. [seal.] 
Susan Lowe, [seal.] 
Sealed and delivered in > John Smith, 



1 



the preseence of j James JoisTES. 

Of the Interest which a Husband acquires in the 
Personality of his Wife. 

At common law, the husband by marriage acquires 
an absolute title to all personal property then in her 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 3(M) 

possession. He does not acquire a mere life estate in it, 
as by courtesy he sometimes does in her real estate, but 
it goes to his executors and heirs in case of his death, 
she surviving him, unless he has given it to her by will. 
As a necessary accompaniment of his acquisition of her 
estate, he is, at common law, bound to pay her debts ; 
this rule, however, is universal, and not at all dependent 
upon his receiving estate of any left with her. All 
wages earned by the wife while she is married, belong to 
the husband ; so that she can acquire nothing by her 
services. 

As to personality not in possession of the wife, as 
things in action, for which she holds notes, bonds, or 
other securities, the husband has at common law, the 
right to reduce them to his possession, by voluntary 
payment to him by the debtor, or by adverse action at 
law, if they are so reduced to possession by the husband, 
the property then becomes his, as absolutely as that which 
was in her possession and control at the time of the 
marriage. He may also assign them, and such assign- 
ment, even before their avails are reduced to possession, 
will, if made upon good consideration, be valid against 
the wife ; but, if not reduced to possession, during his 
life-time, he cannot devise them by will ; for unless they 
are collected {i. e, reduced to possession) or assigned 
before his death, they belong to the wife. The husbanjd 
also has right to all the rents and profits of the real estate 
of his wife during the marriage, and they may be takep. 



310 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

adversely, for his debts. All her leases of land and 
other chattels real, are his, and may be transferred by 
him. 

In fact, at common law, the wife has, during cover- 
ture, no separate i ights in, or control of, her own property, 
but may, with her husband's consent, and jointly with 
him make sale and conveyance thereof. 

Deed to a Married Woman to her Separate Use. 

I, A. B. , of , in consideration of. dollars, 

to me paid by C. D., wife of E. D., of........ , the receipt 

of which is hereby acknowledged, do grant and convey 
unto the said C. D,, her heirs and assigns, a lot of land 
situated in , with the dwelling-house thereon stand- 
ing, bounded and described as follows, to-wit: [here 
insert the description,] with the appurtenances thereto 
belonging : 

To have and to hold, the above granted premises, to 
the said C. D., wife of the said E. D., to her separate 
use, free from the interference or control of her present 
or any future husband, and to her heirs and assigns, to 
her and their sole use forever. [Here insert covenants 
of warranty as in a common deed.] 

In witness whereof, I, the said A. B., &e. 

A. B. [seal.] 
Signed, sealed and delivered] 
in presence of J 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 311 

Complaint to a Magistrate by a Master. 

To A. B., a Justice of the Peace, &c. : 

I, C. D., of. in said. machinist, hereby 

make complaint that E. F., an apprentice lawfully inden- 
tured to me^ whose term of service is still unexpired, 
with w^hom I have not received, nor am I entitled to 
receive, any sum of money as compensation for his instruc- 
tion, (or if he has received money, set forth the sum and 
his own discharge of duty), refuses to serve me and con- 
ducts himself in a disorderly and improper manner, in 
this, to wit: (set forth the wrong doing), and utterly 
refuses to perform the conditions of said indenture, as 

required by law. Dated the day of. A. D. 

18... CD. 

To Continue a Partnership. 

Whereas, the partnership agreed upon in the within 
written articles has this day expired by the limitations 

herein contained (or will expire on the.. day of 

next), it is hereby agreed that the same shall be 

continued on the same terms, and with all the provisions 
and restrictions herein contained, for the further term of 
years from this date (or from any other date.) 

Agreement for Dissolution. 

We mutually agree that the copartnership formed 
between us by the within articles, be, and the same is 



812 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

hei'eby, dissolved, except for the purpose of final liquida- 
tion and settlement of the business thereof; and upon 
such settlement then wholly to determine. 
Witness our hands [as before.] 

For Purchase of House and Lot. 

This agreement, made this day of , in the 

year 18..., between A. B., of and C. D., of : 

Witnesseth, that the said A. B. agrees to sell, and 

the said CD. agrees to purchase, for the price of. 

dollars, the house and lot known and distinguished as 
number twenty-four in Bill Street, in the city of De Pue. 
The possession of the property is to be delivered on the 

day of. next, when percent, of the purchase 

money is to be paid in cash, and a bond or note and 

mortgage on the premises, bearing percent, interest, 

payable in. years, is to be executed for the balance 

of the purchase money ; at which time, also, a deed of 
conveyance, in fee simple, containing the usual full cove- 
nants and warranty, is to be delivered, executed by the 
said A. B. and wife, and the title made satisfactory to 
said C. D. It is to be understood that this agreement 
shall be binding upon the heirs and assigns of the 
respective parties, and, also, that the aforesaid premises 

are now insured for dollars, and in case the said 

house should be burnt before the said day of. 

next J that the said A. B. shall hold the said insurance in 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 313 

trust for, and will then transfer the same to the said 
CD., with the said deed. 

In witness whereof, the parties have hereunto set 
their hands the day and year aforesaid. 

A. B. 
C. D. 

Lease — A Short Form. 

This indenture, made the day of. in the 

year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 
seventy 

Witnesseth, That I (name and residence of the 
lessor) do hereby lease, demise and let unto (name and 
residence of lessee) a certain parcel of land, in the city 

(or town) of. county of. and State of. 

with all the buildings thereon standing, and the 

appurtenances to the same belonging, bounded and 
described as follows (or, a certain house in said city, 
giving the street and number, with the land and adjoin- 
ing the same) : 

(The premises need not be described so minutely or 
fully as is proper in a deed or mortgage of land, but 
must be so described as to identify them perfectly, and 
make it certain just what premises are leased.) 

To hold for the term of. from the ...day 

of. yielding and paying therefor the rent of. 

And said lessee does promise to pay the said rent in 
four quarterly payments, on the day of. (or 



314 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

state otherwise just when the payments are to be made) 
and to deliver up the premises to the lessor, or his 
(attorney, peaceably, and quietly, at the end of the term, 
in as good order and condition, reasonable use and wear- 
ing thereof, fire, and other unavoidable casualties 
excepted, as the same now are or may be put into by 
the said lessor, and to pay the rent as above stated, and 
all taxes and duties levied or to be levied, thereon, dur- 
ing the term^ and also the rent and taxes, as a^bove 
stated, for such further tipae as the lessee may hold the 
same, and not make or suffer any waste thereof, nor 
lease, ncwr underlet, nor permit aay other person or per- 
sons to occupy or improve the same, or make or wffer 
to be made any alteration therein but with the approba- 
tion of the lessor thereto, in writing having first been 
obtained ; and that the lessor to view or make improve- 
ments, and to expel the lessee, if he shall fail to pay the 
jpient and taxes as aforesaid, or make or suffer any strip 
or wa,ste thereof. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have hereunto 
interchangeably set their hands and seals, the day and 
year first above written. 

(Signature.) [seal.] 
(Signature.) £seal.] 



Signed, sealed and delivered 
in presence of 



} 



LEGAL bepahtment. 315 

Short and General Form of Lease. 

I, A. B., of. hereby lease to C. D., of. .for 

the term of one year, to commence on the day 

next, the dwelling house (or store) numbered 

street, in the city of Chicago, with appurtenances, 

for the yearly rent of dollars, to be paid in quar- 
terly payments of. dollars each, on the first days 

of April, July, October and January. 

Said C. D. agrees to pay A. B. said rent at the times 
above specified, and to surrender the premises at ^ the 
expiration of the term in as good a condition as reason- 
able use will allow, fire and unavoidable casualties 
excepted. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have hereto set 

their hands, this 22d day of.....,.,. A. D. 18..... 

A. B. 

C. D. 
In presence of. 

Lease of Rooms, with Special Privileges, with Guaranty 

A. B., of ...hereby leases to C. D., of.... one 

room in the story, and one room in the 

story, with privilege in kitchen, yard and cellar, being 

part of the house now occupied by tenants, situate in 

street. No , in the City of.........; said room to be 

pointed out and possession given : 

To hold the same for the term of two years from the 
day of »..,.. . next, said lessee paying therefor a rent 



316 LEGAL DEPARTMENT, 

of. dollars a year, payable weekly (or monthly), in 

equal proportions ; tho first payment to be made on the 
day of next. 

Said C. D. agrees to pay the said A. B. the above 
rent as aforesaid, and at the end of the term quit said 
premises in as good condition as they are now in, reason- 
able wear, accidental fire, unavoidable casualties excepted. 

Witness our hands this day of. A. D. 18... 

A. B. 

CD. 

^ Executed in presence of 

Landlord's Notice to Quit for Non-payment of Rent. 

JoLiET, September 3d, A. D. 18... 
State of Illinois, ) 

Will County. j * 

To (name of tenant) : 

You being in possession of the following described 
premises, which you occupy as my tenant (here describe 
the premises sufficiently to identify them), in the City 

(or Township) of. , and County of .., aforesaid, 

are hereby notified to quit and deliver up to me the 
premises aforesaid, in fourteen days from this date, accord- 
ing to law, your rent being due and unpaid. Hereof 
fail not, or I shall take a due course of law to eject you 
from the same. 

(Signature.) 

Witness: 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 317 

Agreement to Cultivate Land on Shares. 

This agreement, made this 16th day of September, 
one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, between 
Dan. Higgins, of the County of Du Page, and the State 
of Illinois, of the first part, and Chas. Naumann, of the 
Village of Naperville, in said County and State, of the 
second part : 

Witnesseth, that the said Dan. Higgins agrees with 
the said Chas. Naumann, that he will properly plough, 
harrow, till, fit and prepare for sowing, all that certain 
field of ground belonging to said Chas. Naumann, which 
field lies, &c., (here insert description of the field,) con- 
taining about fifty acres, and to sow the same with good 
winter wheat, finding one-half the seed wheat necessary 
therefor, on or before the fifth day of September next ; 
and that he will at the proper time cut, harvest and 
thresh the said wheat, and properly winnow and clean 
the same, and deliver the one-half part of the said wheat 
to the said Chas. Naumann, at his barn in the Town of 
Naperville aforesaid, within ten days after the same shall 
have been cleaned ; and will carefully stack the one-half 
part of the straw on the premises of the said Chas. 
Naumann, near to his bam aforesaid. 

And the said Chas. Naumann, in consideration of 
the foregoing agreement, promises and agrees, to and 
with the said Dan. Higgins, that he may enter in and 
upon the said field for the purpose of tilling and sowing 



318 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

the same and of harvesting the crops, and free ingress 

and egress have and enjoy for the purpose aforesaid ; and 

that he will furnish to said Dan. Higgins one-half of the 

seed wheat necessary to sow the same on or before the 

fifth day of September next^ and permit the said Dan. 

Higgins to thresh and ckan the wheat upon the premises 

of the aforesaid Chas. Naumann. 

We set our hands and seals on this the aforesaid 

date. 

[seal.] 

[seal.] 
Marriage Certificate. 

This is to certify, that James Earnest, and Emma 
Daniels, were, with their mutual consent, lawfully joined 
together in holy matrimony, which was solemnized by 
me, in the presence of credible witnesses. 

Given at , this day of.e , in the 

year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and 

Duncan McGregob. 

Bit! of Exchange. 

Exchange for $5,000. 

Ten days after sight, pay to the order of John Quinn 

Five Thousand Dollars, valu« received, and charge the 

same to account of 

James Jones. 
To Alfred Cook, 

Chicago, HI. 



LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 8l9 

Notes Negotiable— On Time. 

$150.00. Kingston, November 1st, 187... 

Four months from date, for value received, I promise 
to pay Wm. Whipple, or order. One Hundred and Fifty 
Dollars. Wm. Holbrook. 

Notes on time are liable to interest after they become 
due, whether demand is made for their payment or not. 

Payable at Bank. 

$500.00. Kingston, November Ist, 187... 

Ninety days from date, for value received, I promise 
to pay E. E. Spangler, or order, Five Hundred Dollars, 
at the Will County Bank. 

Rodger King. 

Payable by instalments. 

§200.00. Ralston, Ga., November 1st, 187... 

For value received, I promise to pay Philip Hoffer, 
or order, Two Hundred Dollars, in the following manner : 
fifty dollars in two months, fifty dollars in six months, 
and one hundred dollars in one year from date, with 
interest. A. H. McGregor 

On Time, with Interest. 

$100.00. Plainfield, November 1st, 187... 

One month from date, for value received, I promise to 
pay G. W. Koach, One Hundred Dollars, with interest. 

W. H. Smith. 



320 LEGAL DEPARTMENT. 

With Security. 

$76.00. Plainfield, November 1st, 187... 

Six months from date, for value received, I, James 
Koch, as principal, and I, John Snow, as surety, promise 
to pay Geo. Bond Seventy-Five Dollars. 

James Koch. 

John Snow. 

Order for Merchandise. 

$10.00. Plainfield, November 1st, 187... 

Messrs. Jones ^ King : 

Gents : Please let the bearer have Ten Dollars in 
merchandise, and place the same to the account of 

Yours, &c., 

Wm. Whipple. 



PItlCE, FIFTY CENTS. 



THE 



FAMILY CYCLOPEDIA; 



OR, 



HOME COUNSELOR 



y\ Book FOR the People. 

CONTAINING 

A Medical Department or Family Physician ; A Veterinary 
Department for the Farmer ; A Household, Toilet and 
Cooking Department for the Housekeeper; A 
Law Department, avith a Complete Guide in- 
Legal Transactions, Plain and Simple 
Instructions for Drawing up 
Necessary Papers in Ac- 
cordance TO Law. 

A Book of Great Value to the Farmer ^ MechaniCj Business Man, Manufac- 
turer ^ Doctor f Lawyer J and Invaluable to Every Family, 



PUBLISHED by 

CINCINNATI PUBLISHING CO., 

169 Elm Street, 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 



AGENTS WANTED FOR 

CREATIVE AND SEXUAL SCIENCE; 

--INCLUDING — 

Manhood, Womanhood and Their Mutual Inter-^Relationsj 
A T^iiQVEv ITS LAWS, ROWER, ETC, 

^ELTi:CTION OR MUTUAL ADAPTATION; COURTSHIP; MARRIED LIFE; REPRODUC- 
TION AND PROGENAL ENDOWMENT OR PATERNITY; MATERNITY, 
BEARING, NURSING AND REARING CHILDREN; SEXUAL 
IMPAIRMENTS RESTORED; MALE VIGOR AND 
FEMALE HEALTH AND BEAUTY PER- 
PETUATED, ETC., ETC. 

BY PROF. O. S. FOWLER. 

" Sexiia Science" is simply that great code of natural laws by which the 
Almighty requires the sexes to be governed in their mutual relations. A 
knowledge of these laws is of the highest irnportance, and it is the general 
ignorance of them which swells the list of disease and misery in the world,, 
and wrecks so many lives that would otherwise be happy. 

THE WORK TREATS OF SEXUALITY, showing the analysis and 
constituents of male and female nature and perfection. 

OF LOVE-MAKING AND SELECTION, showing how love affairs should 
be conducted, and revealing the laws which govern male and female attrac- 
tion and repulsion. 

OF MARRIAGE, its sacredness and necessity, its laws and rights. 

OF SEXUAL RESTORATION.— This is a very important part of the 
work ; because almost all men and women, if not diseased, are run down. 

And tells how to promote sexual vigor, the prime duty of every man and 
woman. 

How to make a right choice of husband or wife; what persons are suited to 
each other. 

How to judge a man or woman's sexual condition by visible signs. 

How young husbands should treat their brides; how to increase their love 
and avoid outraging or shocking them. 

How to avoid an improper marriage, and how to avoid female ailments and' 
cure them. 

How to increase the joys of wedded life, and how to increase sexual passion 
in a passive wife. 

How to regulate intercourse between man and wife, and how to make it 
healthful to both; ignorance of this law is the cause of nearly all the woes of 
marriage. 

How to have fine and healthy children, and how to transmit mental and 
physical qualities to offspring. 

How to avoid the evils attending pregnancy, and how to make child-bearing 
healthful and desirable. 

How to prevent self-abuse among the young, and how to recognize the signs 
of self-abuse and cure it. 

How intercourse out of wedlock i« physically injurious; a warning to young 
men. 

How to restore and perpetuate female beauty, and how to promote the 
growth of the female bust. 

A&EMIS WAHTED EVERYWHERE l:,^^JiT:,::::^i!^c^ 

will be worth hundreds of dollars to any live canvasser. No previous experi- 
ence is needed; we send instructions to every agent, which, if followed, 
\riL.I> PUT MONEY IN HIS POCKET. ig®=If you want to 
make money rapidly and easily, write at once for terms and FUJLL. PAR- 
TICtltiAIiS. Address the 

OINOIITITATI PUBLISHINa CO., 

169 Elm Street, CINCINNATI, O. 



THE SPYOF THE REBELLION. 

By the Great Detective and Ex-Chief of the U. S Secret Service, 

ALLAN PINKERTON. 



READ WHAT IS SAID OF IT. 

These wonderful experiences are compiled from the Official Reports made 
by Pinkerton to the President, the Secretary of War, Major-General McClel- 
lan and the Provost-Marshal of Washington, during the progress of the great 
Rebellion. A true account of President Lincoln's journey to Washington be- 
fore his Inauguration — The Conspiracy to Assassinate Him— The Midnight 
Ride through Baltimore— The Safe Arrival at Washington—Thrilling Experi- 
ences of the Federal Spies in the Rebel Capital— A Thorough Picture of the 
Spy System of the Federal Army. The entire work abounds in Thrilling 
Episodes, Hair-breadth Escapes, Deeds of Daring, Bravery and Patriotic De- 
votion. No one can read this fascinating work without being thoroughly 
impressed with the magnitude of the work performed by Major Pinkerton, 
and his noble band of men 

The adventures of Timothy Webster, who was detected and hung as a spy' 
in a Richmond prison, is a thrilling account of a faithful patriot who gave up 
his life for his country. The movements of the Army of the Potomac are d^-.^ 
tailed with a correctness which only actual connection with it enables one to 
give. The achievements of Pinkerton in obtaining information of the strength 
of the Rebel forces and their locations, the nature of their fortifications, and 
other items of invaluable benefit to the Federal commanders, are given to the 
public for the first time by the brave chief who controlled the best band of 
scouts that ever operated in civilized warfare. It unfolds a page of history 
never yet brought before the public eye. 

iS^'The most interesting and thrilling loar booh ever published. 
Indorsed by hundreds of l^MJESS and AGENTS* Testituonials. 
Profusely Illustrated, Elegantly JBound. 

READ WHAT OUR AGENTS ARE DOING. 

An Agent, in Massachusetts (a member of the G. A. R.) writes: "Hurry 
up my first shipment of books. I have already 380 orders. I took fifty 
orders in our Grand Army Post. All the * Boys' like it." 

An Experienced Canvasser, in Oregon, writes: "The outfit is a striking- 
thing, and my first day's work was rewarded with twelve orders. I shall sell 
a thousand copies before I stop or attempt to canvass for any other book " 

An Agent, in California, writes : ** I began Monday and took 61 orders 
this week. I took five last night and ten this afternoon." 

One Agent, in Illinois, has already ordered 800 copies. 

An Old Soldier says: *' I shall never get weary of working for the sale of 
this grand and noble book, for 1 am helping to perpetuate the history of what 
we fought for. My motto is, 'Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty.' Put 
me down for i8o copies, to deliver next month [no cloth, 70 sheep), and don't 
you forget it." 

Another Old Soldier writes: *'This book is a just tribute to the most 
Gallant Officer of the War. I shall do my best to put it into every house in 
my territory. Count on me to work for you the entire year. It is a book thnt 
every old soldier must have. I have sold many diflferent works, but the ' S' v' 
suits me the best of all; its price is reasonable, and it is the easiest hook to 
sell I ever knew*' 

Nearly five thousand AGENT'S OUTFITS have been ordered, and 
the Book IS NOW SELLING BY THE TENS OF THOUSANDS. It 
is absolutely the easiest book to sell ever known. 

'A/^PJUTO —This is your golden chance to rr.ake money. The Agency 
'■^^^'^ ■ ^ of this Book will insure you a welcome everywhere. It gives 
you a SAFE, PROFITABLE BUSINESS, and insures vour immediate suc- 
cess. Many of our Agents are MAKING FROM TEN TO TWENTY 
DOLLARS PER DAY. 

*^^SOLD ONLY BY OUR AGENTS.— Can not be found in book- 
stores. Sells to Merchants, Farmers, Mechanics and everybody. We want 
ONE AGENT in every GRAND ARMY POST, and in everv TOWNSHIP 
and COUNTY in the United States. 

For full particulars. Special Territory and TERMS TO AGENTS, address 
CIIVCINXATI PtTBI^ISHIXG CO., 

169 Elm Street, CINCINNATI, O. 



'HE World's Wonders 

As seen by a.11 tlie Orea^t Tropica.! and. Polar Explorers, 
from tlie earliest time doTi^ii to tlie present 
day, forming* a complete £ncyclo- 
paBdia of Discovery and. Ad- 
venture in all parts 
of tlie World. 

J\.OE]VTS AVA]VTEI3! 

This great new book embraces all the travels, discoveries and adventures of 
Speke and Grant, Sir Samuel Baker and his heroic wife. Dr. David Living- 
stone, Henry M. Stanley, Paul B. DuChaillu, and many others of less note 
in Africa; and the discoveries and 

REMARKABLE ADVENTURES 

<bf Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, and among the cannibals 
pf New Guinea and the South Sea Islands. It describes the wonderful works 
of Nature in those countries, the singular people who live there, and relates 
the most startling adventures with lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceri, hip- 
popotami, the fierce gorilla (a man-monkey), huge serpents, ferocious croco- 
-diles, and other wild animals and dangerous reptiles. It pictures life among 
the cannibals, describes the fierce dwarfs with their little bows and spears, re- 
counts adventures among the Tree Dwellers, and the singular people who live 
in caves and pits in the earth. In short, it gives, every incident, adventure 
and discovery of great interest or value of all the great explorers. In the 
Arctic regions it tell qf, wonderful adventures on the ice, terrible combats with 
Polar bears, sea lions and the fierce walrus. It describes tlie Wonders 
•of tlie Arctic World in the most glowing and picturesque language. 
In addition to the famous Greely Expedition, it gives a full history of all the 

.great Polar explorations, embracing among others those of Sir J-ohn Franklin, 
Drs. Kan^e and Hayes, Capt. Hall, the Jeannette, the Polaris, and others of 
less note. It also relates in full the wonderful experience of Capt. Tyson and 

^eighteen companions, who lived six month-sand fifteen days on an ice-floe, and 
during that time floated two thousand miles, until they were rescued by a 
passing ship; constituting one of the most wonderful escapes in the history 
■ of the world. ^ 

This grand and valuable book also gives a history of the great ocean and air 

• currents, the formation of islands and continents, the cause of earthquakes, 

• cyclones, waterspouts, the wonderful aurora-borealis or northern lights, and 

REMARKABLE PHENOMENA 

•of Nature. In short, it embraces all "THE \rORL.I>?S \VONI>ERS,99 

as seen by all the great explorers, as its title indicates. It is an inestimably 
valuable work, on account of the vast fund of information it contains, 
while at tp.e same time it is tlirillilig'ly interesting'^ on account of 
the thousands of marvelous adventures, narrow escapes and daring 
•deeds recorded in its ample pages. It does not skim over the subjects which 
flit treats, but by a most remarkable and systematic condensation, every item 
'-•of the least value or interest is recorded, forming a continuous chain of 
!;-rapliic and tlirilling description of all the most wondcr- 
'ul tilings on eartll* Nothing is overlooked or omitted, but every- 



frapliic and tlirilling description of all the most wonder- 
ul tilings on eartll* Nothing is overlooked or omitted, but every- 
^^ thing is given in full. This splendid work is lliliUSTRATED with 



^ nearly three hundred engravings, and contains eight hundred large pages; 

^^ but in order to place it within the reach of all, and to insure a large and rapid 

sale among the people, the prices have been placed at the very lowest limit to 

Cp^ allow a manufacturer's profit. In fact, it is the cheapest book ever issued 

"^ from the American press, and agents desiring to reap a rich harvest should 

write at once for circulars and special terms. 

Agents, now is your grand opportunity. This is not an ephemeral, sensa- 
tional book that will last for a few weeks and then disnpp'ear from notice, but 
it is a book that will aff"ord-you a paying business for years. The people buy 
dt on sight No book can outsell it. Don't forget to send at once for term's 
and full descriptive circulars of ^^ Xlie World's Wonders," Full 
iparticulars sent on application to 



^ • OnrOIlTlTATI PT7BLISHIIT& CO., 

*^^ No. 169 Elm St.. CINCINNATI, O. 



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